1. Blood Pressure Anatomy & Physiology

2.  Measurement of the pressure of the blood exerted against the walls of the arteries.

3.  For a better understanding of blood pressure watch the following video?  Watch the video, you can click on the hyperlink or copy and paste the link into your browser  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWti31 7qb_w

4.  Recorded as 2 measurements  Systolic: Top number in the blood pressure reading Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts Normal is less than 120  Diastolic Bottom number Pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest Normal is less than 80

5.  Click through the slide show from the American Heart Association to learn more about how blood pressure affects the heart and arteries  Click the hyperlink or copy and paste the link into your browser  http://watchlearnlive.heart.org/CVML_Play er.php?moduleSelect=bpanat http://watchlearnlive.heart.org/CVML_Play er.php?moduleSelect=bpanat

6.  Amount of blood and fluids present in the body  Condition of the arteries  Force of the heartbeat

7.  Age  Exercise  Obesity  Food  Pain  Stress  Stimulants (caffeine)  Steroids  Some Medications

8.  Weight Loss  Fasting  Depression  Blood loss

9. Blood Pressure Category Systolic mmHG (upper #) Diastolic mmHG (lower #) HypotensionLess than 100OrLess than 65 Normal100-120And66-80 Pre-Hypertension120-139Or80-89 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 1 140-159Or90-99 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 2 160-179Or100-109 Hypertensive Crisis (Emergency Care Needed) Higher than 180OrHigher than 110

10.  Known as low blood pressure.  Occurs when systolic pressure is less than 100 mmHg or Diastolic pressure is less than 65 mmHg.  Symptoms include dizziness, lightheadedness and/or fainting

11.  May indicate shock, dehydration or internal injury.  May be caused by heart failure, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, diabetes or liver disease.

12.  Also known as postural hypotension  Form of low blood pressure that happens when you stand up from sitting or lying down.  Caused by blood pooling in the legs  Can make you feel dizzy, lightheaded or even cause you to faint.

13.  Known as high blood pressure.  Occurs when systolic pressure is greater than 140 mmHg or Diastolic pressure is more than 90 mmHg.  Can be a dangerous precursor (sign) to cardiac problems and strokes.

14.  Causes extreme pressure on the blood vessels which could lead to a heart attack.

15.  Also puts pressure on the arteries in the brain which could lead to stroke.

16.  Can be caused by obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity, too much salt in the diet and stress.

17.  After taking a blood pressure measurement record the higher number over the lower number  Recorded as mmHg (millimeters of mercury)  120/80 mmHg is considered a normal reading

18.  When classifying blood pressure look at which category the systolic BP and diastolic BP fall into.  When SBP and DBP fall into two different classifications the higher classification should be used.  Recorded as 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury) Blood Pressure CategorySystolic mmHG (upper #)Diastolic mmHG (lower #) HypotensionLess than 100OrLess than 65 Normal100-120And66-80 Pre-Hypertension120-139Or80-89 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 1 140-159Or90-99 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 2 160-179Or100-109 Hypertensive Crisis (Emergency Care Needed) Higher than 180OrHigher than 110

19.  For example:  120/84 mmHg is Pre-Hypertension  162/94 mmHg is Hypertension Stage 2  102/62mmHg is Hypotension Blood Pressure CategorySystolic mmHG (upper #)Diastolic mmHG (lower #) HypotensionLess than 100OrLess than 65 Normal100-120And66-80 Pre-Hypertension120-139Or80-89 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 1 140-159Or90-99 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 2 160-179Or100-109 Hypertensive Crisis (Emergency Care Needed) Higher than 180OrHigher than 110

20.  Correct answers will be given on the last powerpoint slide  A. 124/84 mmHg  B. 118/68 mmHg  C. 154/106 mmHg  D. 146/94 mmHg  E. 116/88 mmHg  F. 144/86 mmHg  G. 106/54 mmHg  H. 174/116 mmHg

21.  Hypertension is a condition in which the resting blood pressure, either systolic, diastolic or both, is chronically elevated above the optimal or desired level.  Hypertension cannot be diagnosed from a single measurement; multiple measurements must be obtained on separate days.

22.  Please note health and fitness professionals CANNOT diagnose a client with hypertension.  Only a medical doctor can diagnose clients with hypertension.  If abnormal readings are taken and clients are not aware of a hypertension diagnosis clients should be referred to a medical doctor.

23.  One in three adults (70 million people) have high blood pressure, but more than half don’t know they have it  Most often people don’t have symptoms until it’s too late  Unless you are having your blood pressure monitored regularly, you won’t know if you’re at risk

24.  Why is hypertension important to control?  Watch the video, you can click on the hyperlink or copy and paste the link into your browser  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vn2dQ_ flZR0

25.  Damage to the heart and coronary arteries, including heart attack, heart disease, congestive heart failure, and atherosclerosis (fatty buildups in the arteries that cause them to harden)  Stroke  Kidney Disease  Vision Loss  Memory Loss  Fluid in lungs  Angina

28. Medications That Increase BPMedications That Decrease BP  Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Ibuprofen etc.)  Antidepressants  Hormonal Birth Control  Caffeine  Cold Medicines (decongestants)  Herbal Supplements (Ephedra, Guarana)  Illegal drugs – Steroids, Cocaine, Ecstasy, Methamphetamines  Beta-Blockers – cause heart rates to stay relatively low even when exercising  ACE Inhibitors – work by flushing excess water and sodium out of the body – makes you have to urinate a lot  Calcium Channel Blockers – prevents calcium from entering the muscles of the heart, causes a decreased force of contraction

29.  Correct answers to blood pressure classification  A. 124/84 mmHg Pre-Hypertension  B. 118/68 mmHg Normal  C. 154/106 mmHg Stage 2 Hypertension  D. 146/94 mmHg Stage 1 Hypertension  E. 116/88 mmHg Pre-Hypertension  F. 144/86 mmHg Stage 1 Hypertension  G. 106/54 mmHg Hypotension  H. 174/116 mmHg Hypertensive Crisis