1. Chapter 1: Flow of Energy Just Go With The Flow Jimmy Nitiparsong William Moriarty

2. Section 1.2 Introduction There is no 1.1

3. 1.2: What is Energy? Energy - the ability to do work Work - force applied to an object over a distance Kinetic energy - energy in motion ▶ E = 1/2mv^2 Potential energy - stored energy; energy that can become kinetic

4. 1.2: What is Energy? Potential: ▶ Spring (can push stuff with lots of force; based on compression) ▶ Gravity (can drop stuff with lots of force; based on distance from origin) Combination of Potential and Kinetic: ▶ Chemical = electrical potential energy in atoms ▶ Heat = potential and kinetic energy of particles in a substance

5. Section 1.3 Forms of Energy

6. 1.3: Forms of Energy Mechanical - put something in motion ▶ cars, elevators ▶ levers, wheels, pulleys, inclined planes Chemical - stored in food/fuel, released as heat and light ▶ glycogen gets broken down into glucose = heat energy released Electrical - unbalanced force between electrons and protons create moving electrons (currents); secondary source (needs other sources to produce electrical energy) ▶ electricity

7. 1.3: Forms of Energy Radiant - electromagnetic waves ▶ visible light, microwaves, UV light, X-rays, gamma rays, etc Thermal/Heat - vibration of molecules ▶ faster the vibration = hotter the temperature gets Nuclear - binding of protons and neutrons in nucleus (fusion); separation of protons and neutrons in nucleus (fission) ▶ fusion = how the sun makes energy ▶ fission = how nuclear power plants make energy

8. Section 1.4 Sources and Sinks

9. 1.4 Sources and Sinks The source of most of the energy used for processes here on Earth is from the sun. However, the sun's energy manifests in multiple forms, and we harness multiple sources of energy from the sun to produce usable electricity. Energy sink - anything that collects a significant amount of energy, which is then lost or made non transferable under the present system

10. Section 1.5 Conservation of Energy

11. 1.5 Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed. However, by use of machines or chemical processes, we can change energy into a different (perhaps more usable) form.

12. Section 1.6 Energy Units

13. 1.6 Energy Units Power - The rate at which energy is used Work is measured most commonly in joules and less commonly in ergs ▶ 1 joule = 10,000,000 ergs Watt - The unit used to measure power ▶ 1 watt = 1 joule/second While power is most commonly measured in watts, the vastly superior measurement is horsepower, which is more rarely used to preserve its value. ▶ 1 horsepower = 746 watts

14. 1.6 Electrical Energy Kilowatt-hours are used as the standard measurement for electrical energy ▶ 1(kWH) = 3,600,000 joules Heat is measured in calories or the older BTU (British Thermal Unit) ▶ 1 calorie = 4.189 joules ▶ 1 BTU = 1055 joules

15. Quiz Time! 1. What is work? 2. What is energy, and what are the 6 forms of energy? 3. Given that E = 1/2mv^2 joules, calculate the amount of energy for a particle with a velocity of 1 m/s and a mass of 1 kg. (No unit conversions needed) 4. Does the sun use nuclear fission or nuclear fusion? 5. The most commonly used unit for power is watt. What is the vastly superior option, typically associated with vehicles?

16. Any questions?