1. K.S. Babu Oklahoma State University SLAC Summer Institute “The Universe of Neutrinos” August 21, 2015 BSM Physics with Neutrino Detectors 1

2. Outline 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

6. Weyl (1929), Stueckelberg (1939), Wigner (1949) Sakharov (1967) ‘t Hooft (1977) Why should we expect proton decay? 6

7. Why unification of forces and matter? 7

8. 8

9. Gauge coupling unification without supersymmetry From Altarelli, Meloni (2013) 9

10. More Hints in favor of Unification 10

11. 11

12. 12

13. Standard Model SO(10) Unification of Matter Fields 13

14. Nucleon decay in SUSY GUTs Hisano, Murayama, Yanagida (1993) Nath, Perez, Phys. Rept. (2007) 14

15. Sakai, Yanagida (1982) Weinberg (1982) Murayama, Pierce (2002) 15

16. Proton decay problem in SUSY SU(5) 16

17. Proton Lifetime in Realistic SUSY SU(5) Babu, Bajc, Tavartkiladze (2012)17

18. Optimized Proton Lifetime in Realistic SUSY SU(5) 18

19. Unification and Proton Decay in non-SUSY SO(10) Pati-Salam symmetry Rizzo, Senjanovic (1980) Mohapatra, Parida (1993) Deshpande, Keith, Pal (1995) Lee, Mohapatra, Parida, Rani (1995) Bertolini, Luzio, Malinsky (2012) Altarelli, Meloni (2013) Babu, Khan (2013) 19

20. S. Khan, KSB (2015) Gauge coupling evolution in non-SUSY SO(10) 20

21. Nucleon decay in non-SUSY SO(10) 21

22. Proton lifetime versus intermediate scale 22

23. Model has only 11 real parameters plus 7 phases Fermon Masses in Minimal SO(10) Model Babu, Mohapatra (1993) Fukuyama, Okada (2002) Bajc, Melfo, Senjanovic, Vissani (2004) Fukuyama, Ilakovac, Kikuchi, Meljanac, Okada (2004) Aulakh et al (2004) Bertolini, Frigerio, Malinsky (2004) Babu, Macesanu (2005) Bertolini, Malinsky, Schwetz (2006) Dutta, Mimura, Mohapatra (2007) Bajc, Dorsner, Nemevsek (2009) 23

24. FitInput at GUT scale Output: Type II Seesaw Babu, Macesanu (2005) Specific Example for Quark & Lepton masses 24

25. Theta(13) in Minimal SO(10) 25

26. SUSY SO(10) Models 26

27. (Dimopoulos-Wilczek mechanism) SUSY SO(10) with natural doublet-triplet splitting Dimopoulos, Wilczek (1981) Babu, Barr (1993) Barr, Raby (2000) Babu, Pati, Tavartkiladze (2010) 27

28. Correlation between d = 5 and d= 6 proton decay 28

29. Proton Lifetime Predictions 29

30. Gauge coupling evolution in explicit SO(10) model 30

31. Proton lifetime expectations 31

32. 32

33. 33

34. Origin of small Majorana neutrino mass 34

35. Radiative fermion mass generation 35

36. Zee Model of Neutrino Mass A. Zee (1980) 36

37. Zee Model of Neutrino Mass (cont.) 37

38. L. Wolfenstein (1980) Smirnov, Tanimoto (1997) Jarlskog, Matsuda, Skaldhauge, Tanimoto (1999) Frampton, Glashow (1999) 38

39. Koide (2001) X.G. He (2004) 39

40. New Predictive Realization Babu, Julio (2013) 40

41. 41

42. Gonzalez-Garcia et al (2012) Fogli et al (2012) 42

43. 43

44. A.Zee, (1985) Babu (1988) 44

45. K.S. Babu, C. Macesanu (2005) D. Sierra, M. Hirsch (2006) M. Nebot, J. Oliver, D. Paolo, A. Santamaria (2008) K.S. Babu, J. Julio (2013) D. Schmitz, T.Schwetz, H. Zhang (2014) J. Herrero-Garcia, M. Nebot, N. Rius, A. Santamaria (2014) 45

46. LFV in Radiative Neutrino Mass Model K.S. Babu, J. Julio (2013) 46

47. LFV in Radiative Neutrino Mass Model (cont.) 47

48. 48

49. L. Wolfenstein (1978) Neutrino NSI 49

50. Barranco, Miranda, Moura, Valle (2009) 50

51. Friedland, Shoemaker (2012) NSI and solar neutrino oscillations 51

52. Friedland, Machado, Mocioiu, KB, 2015 Neutrino NSI from light mediators 52

53. Consistency checks of light mediator 53

54. Summary and Conclusions 54