1. By Jayashree BSc, MEd(HI) Special Educator & Speech ther apist

2.  Hereditary and Non-hereditary  Congenital and acquired  Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal  Physiological and psychological

3.  Like Conductive hearing loss  Sensori neural hearing loss  Mixed hearing loss

4.  Atresia The absence of external ear  The babies are born with missing of pinna  It can also be accompanied by the abnormality of the middle ear  Frequently the drums and ossicles are missing entirely.

5.  The commonest cause of hearing due to the improper functioning of the outer ear is a blocking of the ear canal by an excess accumulation of wax.  Ear wax formation and its outward movement towards the pinna is a self cleaning mechanism of the external auditory system  Some produce much more cerumen(wax) than they need for the auditory protection of the ear drum.  This effectively prevents sound waves from reaching the ear drum

6.  It is possible for the canal to be blocked by other substances besides wax  The obstruction of the external canal by a foreign body may give rise to conductive hearing loss especially in children  The children may stuff objects like beans wads of paper, chalk pieces of crayons etc in the canal  Hearing loss is usually not a major concern in such cases unless the foreign body has ruptured the ear drum

7.  Is an inflammation of the skin in external auditory canal most frequently due to bacterial or fungal infection.

8.  Viral infections  Rh incompatibility  Infections most important is bacterial meningitis, Mumps, Measles, Influenza,rubella  Head trauma: a fracture of the temporal bone can disrupt the nerves of the auditory system

9.  Acoustic trauma: prolonged exposure to loud noises causes the hair cells on the cochlea to become less sensitive  In this type the outer and the middle ear is normal in every aspect  Sensori neural impairment can be present at birth or can be developed in the later stage of life.

10.  Say No to  Drugs and smoking  Don't consume medicines without doctors advice  Congenital Marriage  Excess us of mobile phones  Exposure to loud noises  Avoid home delivery