1. Roots of Self-Government Chapter 4 Section 4

2. England Regulates Trade The idea that a colony should benefit its home country is an economic theory called mercantilism. Under this theory a nation became strong by keeping strict control over its trade. Believers of this theory thought that a country should export more than it imported. Define Exports & Imports.

3. England Regulates Trade What were the acts that England passed in the 1650’s called? What did these acts do? They ensured what? Under these laws only colonial or English ships could carry goods to and from the colonies. What were some of the goods? These laws also encouraged colonists to build their own ships.

4. England Regulates Trade As a result, New England became a prosperous shipbuilding center. In addition, because of these acts colonial merchants did not have to compete with foreign merchants because they were sure of having market for their goods in England. Did colonists like these laws? What did they do?

5. Trade in Rum and Slaves Who dominated colonial trade? What were they known as? What did this nickname mean? Colonial merchants developed many trade routes. What was one route called? Why? On the 1st leg ships from New England carried fish, lumber, and other goods to the West Indies. There they Yankees bought molasses and sugar.

6. Trade in Rum and Slaves The ships would then would sail back to New England, where the colonists used the molasses and sugar to make rum. On the 2nd leg of the voyage ships carries rum, guns, gunpowder, cloth, and tools from New England to West Africa. In Africa what would Yankees trade and for what?

7. Trade in Rum and Slaves On the final leg of the voyage ships carried enslaved Africans to the West Indies. With the profit the sailors made from the sale of slaves the sailors bought molasses. Many traders made lots of money. Did they always follow the Navigation Acts?

8. Trade in Rum and Slaves How did they violate the acts?

9. Colonial Government Many of the colonies had different governments but most were structured in the same manner. A governor directed the colony’s affairs and enforced the laws. Were most of the governors appointed? By who? In which 2 colonies were the governors elected?

10. Colonial Government Each colony had a legislature. Most of the colonies legislatures had an upper and lower house. Who made the upper house? Was the lower house elected or nominated? The lower house approved laws and protected the rights of citizens.

11. Colonial Government The lower house also had the power to approve any taxes the governor asked for. What was this power called? The lower house had the right to raise or spend money which was an important check on the governor’s power. What would happen to any governor who ignored the assembly?

12. Colonial Government Each colony had their own rules on who could vote. By the 1720’s colonial laws changed and restricted voting laws to who? In some colonies only Protestants or members of a particular church could vote (remember Massachusetts Bay?) What did colonial leaders believe?

13. Colonial Government As a result of what revolution did colonist get more rights? Who was removed of his throne? Who replaced him? The new king and queen signed the English Bill of Rights in 1689 in order to get Parliament’s support. Define Bill of Rights.

14. Colonial Government What do the English Bill of Rights protect? Under the English Bill of Rights a ruler could not raise taxes or an army without the approval of Parliament.q

15. Limits on Liberties The English colonists enjoyed more freedoms than English citizens themselves. Did the rights that English citizens have extend to the colonists? Women in the colonies had more rights but far fewer than free white males. What could a woman not do?

16. Limits on Liberties Unmarried and widow females had more rights than married women. What could they do? In what 2 colonies could women settlers who headed families could buy land on the same terms as men? Who did not have any rights?