1. The Pulmonary System Chapter 4 Part I: Functional Anatomy

2. Objectives n Discuss the basic pulmonary structures and their functions n Discuss the processes of ventilation and respiration n Discuss the regulation of breathing and implications for injury or illness

3. Anatomical Structures n Nasal passage n Oral cavity n Pharynx n Larynx n Trachea n Bronchi n Bronchioles n Alveoli n Capillaries The Pulmonary System

4. Functions n Ventilation u Mechanics of moving air in and out of the lungs n Respiration u Exchanges O 2 and CO 2 The Pulmonary System

5. Functions n Ventilation The Pulmonary System F Requires active muscle contraction F Occurs passively

6. Functions n Ventilation u Inhalation or Inspiration F Requires active muscle contraction The Pulmonary System DiaphragmDiaphragm External intercostalsExternal intercostals Accessory musclesAccessory muscles AbdominalsAbdominals SternocleidomastoidsSternocleidomastoids ScalenesScalenes TrapeziusTrapezius

7. Functions n Ventilation u Exhalation or Expiration F Occurs passively The Pulmonary System

8. Functions u Air enters through nasal passage F Warmed F Filtered MucusMucus CiliaCilia The Pulmonary System n Ventilation (Inspiration)

9. Functions u Air passes through pharynx  larynx larynx  trachea trachea The Pulmonary System

10. Functions n Ventilation (Inspiration) u Trachea branches to form R and L bronchi The Pulmonary System

11. Functions n Ventilation (Inspiration) u Bronchi branch into bronchioles The Pulmonary System

12. Functions n Ventilation (Inspiration) u Bronchioles terminate into alveoli The Pulmonary System

13. Functions n Respiration u Alveoli surrounded by network of thin walled capillaries The Pulmonary System

14. Functions n Respiration u Gas exchange occurs across the thin walls of capillaries and alveoli The Pulmonary System

15. Functions n Respiration u Gas exchange F O 2 F CO 2 The Pulmonary System

16. Functions n Ventilation (Expiration) u Air moves back thru pulmonary system to be exhaled The Pulmonary System

17. Functions n Ventilation (Expiration) u Air moves back through pulmonary system to be exhaled The Pulmonary System

18. Regulation of Breathing n Central nervous system u Brain F Medulla is sensitive to CO 2 levels in the blood u Inspiratory muscles controlled by phrenic nerve (C3-C5 nerve roots) and cranial nerve XI (sternocleidomastoid) Implications?

19. Questions?