1. HISTORICAL THINKING SKILLS

2. HISTORICAL CAUSATION COMPARE MULTIPLE CAUSES AND EFFECTS – LONG AND SHORT TERM DISTINGUISH BETWEEN COINCIDENCE, CAUSATION, CORRELATION CRITIQUE EXISTING INTERPRETATIONS OF CAUSE AND EFFECT

3. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE OVER TIME PATTERNS OF CONTINUITY AND CHANGE OVER TIME CONNECT PATTERNS OF CONTINUITY AND CHANGE OVER TIME TO LARGER HISTORICAL PROCESSES OR THEMES EXAMPLE: CIVIL RIGHTS

4. PERIODIZATION ORGANIZE HISTORY INTO DISTINCT TIME PERIODS IDENTIFY TURNING POINTS AND WHAT FACTORS DETERMINE IN WHAT TIME PERIOD THE EVENT IS PLACED

5. COMPARISON COMPARE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN ONE SOCIETY, BETWEEN DIFFERENT SOCIETIES, AND IN DIFFERENT TIME PERIODS EXPLAIN DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES AND VIEWS ON THE SAME HISTORICAL PHENOMENA EXAMPLE: ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES IN DIFFERENT TIMES/PLACES

6. CONTEXTUALIZATION THE WAY IN WHICH HISTORICAL EVENTS CONNECT TO WHAT IS GOING ON AT THE TIME (REGIONAL, NATIONAL, GLOBAL) HOW DOES EVENT CONNECT TO OTHER EVENTS HAPPENING ELSEWHERE AT THE SAME TIME

7. HISTORICAL ARGUMENTATION LOOK AT INTERPRETATIONS OF EVENTS AND EXPLAIN HOW AN HISTORIAN CAN USE THE EVIDENCE TO REACH THAT CONCLUSION DEVELOP A THESIS STATEMENT CONSTRUCT AN ARGUMENT SUPPORT WITH RELEVANT HISTORICAL EVIDENCE

8. USE OF RELEVANT HISTORICAL EVIDENCE EVALUATE EVIDENCE FROM DIVERSE SOURCES MAKE INFERENCES AND DRAW CONCLUSIONS FROM EVIDENCE FOCUS ON CONTENT AND POINT OF VIEW AUTHOR PURPOSE FORMAT AUDIENCE LIMITATIONS CONTEXT

9. INTERPRETATION DESCRIBE AND ANALYZE DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS OF THE PAST HOW CIRCUMSTANCES AND CONTEXT SHAPE HISTORIANS VIEWS OF THE PAST

10. SYNTHESIS TAKE DIFFERENT (EVEN CONTRADICTORY) EVIDENCE TO SHOW AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE PAST USE IDEAS FROM OTHER DISCIPLINES TO EXPLAIN THE PAST CONNECT INSIGHTS INTO THE PAST TO OTHER HISTORICAL CONTEXTS OR CIRCUMSTANCES