1. Prehistory Vocabulary- Be able to identify the following terms and spell them correctly
historians
artifacts
anthropology
culture
archaeology
Law of Superposition
radiocarbon dating
fossil
australopithecine
hominid
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis
Homo sapiens sapiens
Paleolithic Age
nomad
Neolithic Revolution
technology
systematic agriculture
animism
domesticate
Ice Age
Bronze Age
civilization
society
surpluses
traditional economy
polytheism
artisans
pictographs
scribes
cultural diffusion
city-state
empire
monarch
A.D. and CE
B.C. and BCE
decade
century
millennium

2. Basic World Geography
Label the seven continents and four oceans. Be able to spell the names correctly and always capitalize proper nouns.

3. History v. Prehistory
Historians primarily study written documents, using archaeological and anthropological evidence to aid in creating an accurate picture of past human actions.
The only way that researchers are able to
learn about humankind before the
invention of writing (prehistory) is by
studying artifacts and fossil remains.

4. Prehistory

5. Anthropology is a discipline that encompasses the study of humankind in relation to its origin, distribution, classification, physical character, environmental and social relationships, and culture.

12. Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of the origins and development of people and their societies.
(root word anthropos- Greek for human being)
society- a network of people who interact with one another.
There are two ways to study Anthropology:
Academic record
Applied research
4 subdisciplines of Anthropology:
Physical Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology
Linguistics
Archaeology

13. Physical Anthropology

14. Cultural Anthropology

15. Linguistics Linguistics is the study of language.
Languages distinguish humans from all other animals.

16. Archaeology Archaeology is the study of human and material remains.
Different kinds of archaeology

17. Archaeology

18. Archaeology Fieldwork

19. Why study archaeology?
It is the sole means by which the early record of man can be understood.
It serves as a cross-reference to the historical past.

20. Archaeological Dating Methods
Relative Dating
Stratigraphy
Law of Superposition
Absolute Dating
Radiocarbon Dating
Thurmoluminesence Dating
Amino Acid Racemization Dating
____________

21. Study Questions:
Explain how historians might use evidence acquired through archaeological research.
What is the crucial factor that distinguishes prehistory from history?
What is a theory, and how do theories relate to anthropology and archaeology?
Review the two methods of archaeological dating described on p. 5 of your textbook. What is the difference between the two methods? Provide an example of each method.
List the hominids discussed on pp in your textbook and explain when and where they are thought to have existed.
For what purposes might Homo erectus have used fire?
Describe the technology of Homo habilis and Homo erectus.
All humans today belong to which species and subspecies of the genus Homo?

22. Early Humans
Australopithecus
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens Neanderthalensis
Homo sapiens sapiens

27. Archaeology: Shifts in Human Technology Stone Age
Paleolithic Age
Mesolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Chalcolithic Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Industrial Age
Information Age

29. Last Ice Age c.100 kya – 10 kya

31. Study Questions
What evidence suggests to some anthropologists that late Paleolithic people believed in life after death?
Summarize the roles of men and women during the Paleolithic Age.
What was the most significant development of the Neolithic Age?
List some of the plants and animals that were domesticated during the Neolithic Age. Why were they domesticated? When and where were they domesticated (provide specific examples)?
How did the social structure and material wealth of societies change as people began to transition from a nomadic lifestyle to living in settled communities?
What geographic feature did all of the earliest civilizations have in common?
According to your textbook, what are the seven basic features that define civilization? Refer to the chart on p.20 of your textbook.
By whom and for what purposes was writing used in the earliest civilizations?
As you read pp think about how civilizations change over time. What are some of the factors behind this change? Describe two of these factors.
Explain the difference between a city-state and an empire.

32. Neolithic Revolution c. 8000 B.C.
Nomadic Hunting and Gathering to the
Domestication of Plants and Animals.
Plants?
Animals?
The emergence of systematic agriculture.

34. Characteristics of the Neolithic Revolution:
Was the quality of life better for everyone in the early Neolithic farming villages?
What real impact did the Neolithic Revolution have on humankind? What did it mean for humans?

35. Systematic Agriculture in different regions of the world:
Southwest Asia (Near East)
Southeast Asia and China
Central Africa
Mesoamerica (Mexico, and Central and South America)

36. Early Neolithic Farming Villages
Jericho (8000 B.C., Palestine)- perhaps the oldest continually occupied city on Earth.
Catal Huyuk ( B.C., southern Turkey)

41. Obsidian Points from Catal Huyuk

43. Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

45. Technological Change
The introduction of metals to create tools
Copper (4000 B.C.)
Bronze (copper + tin)
Bronze Age (c.3000 B.C. – 700 B.C.)
Iron Age (c B.C.)
Which of the metals listed above is the strongest?
By c B.C., as a result of agricultural surpluses, populations began to increase significantly along the major river valleys
Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China

46. The effects of agriculture on population
The effects of agriculture on population? Year Human Population 10,000 B.C. 4 million 5,000 B.C. 5 million 3,000 B.C. 14 million 2,000 B.C. 27 million 1,000 B.C. 50 million 500 B.C. 100 million

47. Civilization Civilization- a complex, highly organized social order
Culture- the way of life of a society, which is handed down from one generation to the next by learning and experience
Seven Basic Features of Civilization
organized governments
complex religions
job specialization
social classes
art and architecture
cities
writing (earliest form- keeping records)

48. Timeline Read pp. 1146-1147 in textbook
B.C. (Before Christ) or B.C.E. (Before the Common Era)
A.D. anno Domini “In the Year of Our Lord” or C.E. (Common Era)
476 A.D A.D B.C.
1066 A.D B.C B.C.
Know the difference between the terms decade, century, and millennium.