1. Latin America Revolutions and Independence SS6H1, SS6H2, SS6H6

2. Essential Questions How did the Spanish and Portuguese influence the languages spoken and the religions practiced in Latin America and the Caribbean? Why were Toussaint L’Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, and Miguel Hidalgo important in the Independence movement of Latin America?

3. Vocabulary Revolution –A political movement where the people overthrow the government and set up another. Criollo –Of Spanish parents but born in Latin America. They were educated born Latin Americans who wanted power but were not allowed because they were not Spanish. Caudillo –Latin American leaders trained by Bolivar…most were strict ruling military officers. Mullato -A person of mixed white and Black ancestry. Mestizo –Mix of European and Native American ancestry

4. Central America and the Caribbean Toussaint L’Ouverture –A former slave who led the revolution in Saint-Dominique beginning in 1791. In 1804 this island was renamed Haiti. This was the beginning of independence in Latin America. By 1825 most of the Latin American region was independent from Europe.

5. Mexico In 1810, Miguel Hidalgo a priest from Dolores, Mexico began the revolution in Mexico. It became the “Cry of Dolores” when he rang the church bell to go against the Spaniards. He rallied the Mestizos and Criollos. By 1811 Hidalgo was executed and it ended…temporarily. Finally, Austin de Iturbide a high ranking Criollo officer in the Spanish army began the revolution and won in 1821.

6. South America Two men were responsible for freeing South America from the Spanish. Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin. These two men worked their ways around South America fighting the Spanish for independence. Bolivar was considered one of the greatest leaders of Columbia and northern South America. San Martin was from Argentina and a great leader in southern South America. The Spanish were defeated in 1821.

7. The Exception Brazil had a different road to freedom In the 1800’s, France led by Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal. Portugal’s royal family fled to Brazil for safety. The Portuguese prince, Dom Pedro, was left behind to rule the “colony” and in 1822 he declared Brazil independent without the Brazilians fighting for it.

8. Review/ Ticket Out the Door How did the Spanish and Portuguese influence the languages spoken and the religions practiced in Latin America and the Caribbean? Why were Toussaint L’Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, and Miguel Hidalgo important in the Independence movement of Latin America?