1. Cell Processes and Energy Study Guide
Chapter 2 – Cells and Heredity

2. 1. Plants use sunlight to make food in a process called: Photosynthesis

3. 2. Carbon dioxide enters a plant through its Stomata

4. 3. The first stage of respiration takes place in the Cytoplasm

5. 4. One product of fermentation in yeast cells is Alcohol

6. 5. DNA replication occurs during Interphase

7. 6. Chromatin condenses and forms rodlike structures during Prophase

8. 7. The final stage of the cell cycle is called Cytokinesis

9. 8. During DNA replication, adenine pairs only with Thymine

10. 9. The cell grows to the mature size during interphase

11. 10. Most cases of cancer are caused by Mutation

12. 11. During photosynthesis, plants produce sugars and _________ oxygen

13. 12. The pigments in green plants that captures the energy in sunlight is called _____ chlorophyll

14. 13. Most of the energy that is released during respiration is produced in the _________. mitochondria

15. 14. Each identical rod in a chromosome is called a(n) ______________________. chromatid

16. 15. The main cause of lung cancer is _________________. smoking

17. 16. The raw materials of photosyntheses are water and carbon dioxide.

18. 17. The main difference between respiration and fermentation is that fermentation does not use oxygen.

19. 18. One of the products of respiration is carbon dioxide.

20. 19. During the mitosis stage of the cell cycle, the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei.

21. 20. People can reduce their risk of skin cancer by limiting their exposure to bright sunlight.

22. Essay questions: 1. Explain why photosynthesis and respiration are considered opposite processes. 2. How is a cell able to produce two almost identical daughter cells?

23. Essay questions: 1. During photosynthesis, which requires energy, carbon dioxide and water are used to produce sugars and oxygen. During respiration, which releases energy, sugars and oxygen are used to produce carbon dioxide and water

24. Essay questions: 2. During interphase, the DNA in the nucleus copies itself, and cell structures in the cytoplasm also make copies of themselves. Then, when the cell divides, each daughter cell receives half the DNA, cytoplasm, and cell structures, so they are almost identical.