1. HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS Factory Shoals Middle School Mr. L Smith Mr. L Smith Gandhi’s Impact Gandhi’s Impact

2.  SS7H3 – The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to the 21 st century. b. Describe the impact of Mohandas Gandhi’s belief in non-violent protest.

3. Agenda Message: Agenda Message: After-school tutoring this week is Thursday from 4-5p. S&EA Religions and Geography Quiz is next Friday, Jan. 22 nd. Sixty-four school days to the Social Studies GMAS. Standard: Standard: Describe the impact of Mohandas Gandhi’s belief in non-violent protest. E.Q. for Wednesday; Jan. 13, 2016: E.Q. for Wednesday; Jan. 13, 2016: Why is Gandhi revered in world history? Warm Up: Warm Up: Which S&EA countries have the highest literacy rates. Today We Will: 1. President Obama’s “State of the Union Address”

4. E.Q. Answer for Wednesday Jan. 13 th : Gandhi is revered due to his belief and practice of non-violent protest to achieve political ends. Warm-Up: Japan – 99% South Korea – 95%

5. Agenda Message:TODAY Agenda Message: After-school tutoring TODAY from 4-5p. S&EA Religions and Geography Quiz is next Friday, Jan. 22 nd. Sixty-three school days to the Social Studies GMAS. Standard: Standard: Describe the impact of Mohandas Gandhi’s belief in non-violent protest. E.Q. for Thursday; Jan. 14, 2016: E.Q. for Thursday; Jan. 14, 2016: What was Gandhi’s profession? Warm Up: Warm Up: Who’s statue is outside the MLK exhibit in downtown Atlanta? Today We Will: 1. President Obama’s “State of the Union Address” Part 2 2. CDA I Revue

6. E.Q. Answer for Thursday Jan. 14 th : Gandhi was a lawyer and he practiced law in Great Britain and in South Africa. Warm-Up: The state of Gandhi is prominently placed outside the MLK exhibit to honor Gandhi’s impact on MLK, specifically the strategy of non-violent protest which King used successfully in the civil rights movement.

7. Agenda Message: Agenda Message: S&EA Religions and Geography Quiz is next Friday, Jan. 22 nd. Sixty-two school days to the Social Studies GMAS. Standard: Standard: Describe the impact of Mohandas Gandhi’s belief in non-violent protest. E.Q. for Friday; Jan. 15, 2016: E.Q. for Friday; Jan. 15, 2016: Who were the two men sitting directly behind President Obama during the “State of the Union” address? Warm Up: Warm Up: Name two beliefs that Buddhism included from Hinduism? Today We Will: 1. President Obama’s “State of the Union Address” Part 3 2. CDA I Revue

8. E.Q. Answer for Friday Jan. 15 th : Vice President Joe Biden Speaker of the House of Representatives Paul Ryan Warm-Up: Reincarnation and Karma

9. MOHANDAS K. GANDHI 1. Gandhi was born in India in 1869. 2. After becoming a lawyer he lived in South Africa, where he encountered that country’s strict apartheid (the legal separation of the races) system. 3. When he returned to India in 1914, he brought with him his determination that people should be treated equally, no matter what their nationality or situation in life.

10. 4. Though he was Hindu, he saw much to admire in many different religions. 5. Above all, he believed that all people deserved to be treated with equality and justice, and he felt the colonial government of India did not offer that justice to Indians. 6. He himself lived a very simple life, and he became widely known and admired, his followers began to call him Mahatma, or the “Great Soul.”

11. 7. It was the awful massacre of Indians by the British at the temple of Amritsar that spurred Gandhi to real action against the British colonial authority. 8. He believed it was time for people of India to stop obeying what he felt were unjust British laws. 9. Because he was a believer in non-violence, he urged people to resist unfair laws but to do it without any violence on their part.

12. 10. He developed what he called a system of civil disobedience (the refusal to obey unfair laws even when the result as punishment). 11. He spoke of the power of what he called Satyagraha, or the force of truth. 12. He believed civil disobedience would make the world recognize the injustice in British rule in India and force change without having to resort to violence. 13. The National Indian Congress adopted Gandhi’s strategy on civil disobedience in the 1920’s.

13. 14. Gandhi urged the people of India to resist British control in many ways. They were to stop buying British goods and to refuse to pay taxes that did not benefit the Indian people. 15. Gandhi also told Indians to resist paying a British tax on salt. He led a march across the country to the sea where people protested by making their own salt by the traditional means of evaporating the sea water. 16. At a later march aimed a closing down a British salt factory, the British guards responded by clubbing and beating peaceful demonstrators.

14. 17. The international press coverage of this violent response on the part of the British gave Gandhi and his followers a moral advantage (doing the right thing) they had not had before. 18. People around the world began to call for the British to give the Indians the independence they wanted. 19. Gandhi’s campaign of civil disobedience gradually wore the British down. After WWII, the British formally gave up their colonial claims to the Indian subcontinent.

15. 20. Unfortunately, by 1946, disputes broke out among the Indians about how the country should be ruled. 21. The final decision was to divide India into three countries. East and West Pakistan would be created for Muslims. India would be a Hindu country. 22. Gandhi was very disappointed by this decision. He wanted all Indians to live together in one country. 23. He was even more disappointed when violence broke out as Muslims and Hindus began to move from one area to another.

16. 24. Gandhi is one of the most important individuals in the story of Indian nationalism. 25. He saw Indian nationalism as consisting of many things – history, art, language, literature, customs, and religion. 26. In spite of all he tried to do, when the national boundaries were established, religion ended up being the deciding factor in the creation of India and Pakistan.