1. A Case study in Pronatalist and Antinatalist Policies.
India and Russia
A Case study in Pronatalist and Antinatalist Policies.

2. Where are Russia and India in relation to the United States?

3. Where are Russia and India in relation to the US now?

4. What can we tell about India’s population based on the map? Russia’s?

5. What can this chart tell you that the cartogram did not?

7. Notice the growth in India’s population vs
Notice the growth in India’s population vs. the stagnation and slight decline in Russia’s population.

8. What are the projected changes to Russia’s population between now and 2050? How might this effect Russia?

9. How are the population trends in India different from that of Russia
How are the population trends in India different from that of Russia? What other observations can you make about the population pyramids from India? How are there more males than females in the Indian population pyramids? What kind of problems might a pyramid like this cause?

10. India Stayed in stage 1 of the DTM well into the 1940’s
India saw a decline in death rates after 1947
Received independence from England
Death rate declined to 20/1,000 by 1951
Birth rate remained 40
RNI moved to 2%
RNI has 2%

11. India Population Issues Current Population 1.2 Billion TFR = 2.8
Currently the world’s second largest population.
A strain on national and regional resources (food, water, electricity, other forms of energy)
Anti-natalist policies
Trying to curb population growth
Reach replacement levels
Government policies
Sterilization
Family Planning
Education
Contraceptives

12. India 1952 National Family Planning Program Educate Families
Established free clinics
Birth control is free or reduced prices

13. India 1971 1972 Began sterilization projects
Sterilized persons would be paid a fee
1972
Legalized abortions

14. India Current Government Policies
Pay married couples to wait two years before having children
Allows them to finish school and get a job to support themselves
Raise marrying age among couples

15. India Cultural Problems Many poor / agricultural families
Need children to work for food / money
Prefer boys to girls
Boys provide for parents as they age
Girls leave the family and become a member of the husband’s family
Girls are more expensive
Families must pay for girl’s marriage
Problem: families may “discard” female babies / be willing to give them up

16. India Cultural Problems Women are socially “inferior”
Can be seen as property
Can lead to spousal abuse
For this reason, most sterilization is done to women as opposed to men

17. India Cultural Problems Poverty Low levels of education
Strains on infrastructure / government programs
Low levels of education
Families are not educated on ways to prevent pregnancies
Boys and Girls are married off at young ages
Arranged marriages

18. Russia
In population decline that is similar to many MDC’s / European nations.
Russia began it’s pronatalist policies after WWI when a large portion of it’s population died.
Pronatalist policies were pushed heavily during the Soviet Era
Need to repopulate the country
Have children for the “Motherland”
Need people to work in factories and on the farms

19. Russia High emigration rates due to poor economic situations
Russian people are leaving the country to seek out new opportunities
Leaves an aging population
Government cannot pay for elderly
Not enough workers to sustain government programs

20. Russia Problems A high death rate A low birth rate 15/1,000
Many due to alcohol
Male life expectancy – 59
A low birth rate
Poor economic situations
Alcoholism in males
TFR = 1.3
CBR = 10 / 1,000
For comparison, CBR in the US is 14 / 1,000

21. Russia
The Russian President, Dmitri Medvedev, addressed the Russian government to discuss the problem (November, 2010)
Government Offers
Baby Bonus for a third child
Free / Reduced Health Care
Free land to build a house
Advocated for adoption
Stop giving alcohol to minors

22. Russia Government Solutions
Allow a large number of immigrants / migrant workers
Most come from Central Asia
Most are Muslim
Causes tension and clashes between Russia’s Orthodox population

23. Sources India. Population Growth. Russia. Population Decline.
India. Antinatalist Policies.
India. Population Growth.