1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

2. Chapter 7 Congress

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives Roots of the Legislative Branch of Government LO 7.1: Trace the roots of the legislative branch outlined by the U.S. Constitution. The Members of Congress LO 7.2: Characterize the demographic attributes of members of Congress, and identify factors that affect their chances for reelection.

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives How Congress Is Organized LO 7.3: Assess the role of the committee system, political parties, and congressional leadership in organizing Congress. Powers of Congress LO 7.4: Identify three of the most significant powers of Congress.

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives How Members Make Decisions LO 7.5: Analyze the factors that influence how members of Congress make decisions. Toward Reform: Balancing Institutional Power LO 7.6: Evaluate the strategic interactions between Congress, the president, and the courts.

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Roots of the Legislative Branch LO 7.1: Trace the roots of the legislative branch outlined by the U.S. Constitution. LO 7.1: Trace the roots of the legislative branch outlined by the U.S. Constitution. Great Compromise – bicameral legislature –Two representatives per state in Senate –House by population House district size determined by apportionment House district shape determined by redistricting Senators must be at least 30 –Serve a six-year term Representatives must be 25 –Serve a two-year term To Learning Objectives

7. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A bill, or proposed law, cannot become law without the consent of what entity? A.The Senate B.The House C.Both the House and Senate D.The Bill Committee E.The people LO 7.1 To Learning Objectives

8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A bill, or proposed law, cannot become law without the consent of what entity? A.The Senate B.The House C.Both the House and Senate D.The Bill Committee E.The people LO 7.1 To Learning Objectives

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Members of Congress LO 7.2: Characterize the demographic attributes of members of Congress, and identify factors that affect their chances for reelection. LO 7.2: Characterize the demographic attributes of members of Congress, and identify factors that affect their chances for reelection. Congressional demographics –Richer, better educated, more male, few minorities –Senate – no African Americans, two Hispanic Americans, and 17 women Running for and staying in office –IncumbencyIncumbency Name recognition Fundraising –Redistricting Gerrymandering To Learning Objectives

10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman In 2003, Texas Democrats left the state in order to hold off the necessary quorum needed by Republicans to do what? A.Take control of the legislature B.Pass an affirmative action bill C.End the death penalty in Texas D.Pass a Republican-sponsored redistricting bill E.Pass a bill requiring the state board of education to stay out of the process of textbook selection LO 7.2 To Learning Objectives

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman In 2003, Texas Democrats left the state in order to hold off the necessary quorum needed by Republicans to do what? A.Take control of the legislature B.Pass an affirmative action bill C.End the death penalty in Texas D.Pass a Republican-sponsored redistricting bill E.Pass a bill requiring the state board of education to stay out of the process of textbook selection LO 7.2 To Learning Objectives

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Leadership in the House of RepresentativesLeadership in the House of Representatives –Speaker of the House –Leadership teams Majority and minority leaders Whips Leadership in the Senate –Presiding officer: president pro tempore –Leadership teams Majority and minority leaders Whips How Congress Is Organized LO 7.3: Assess the role of the committee system, political parties, and congressional leadership in organizing Congress. LO 7.3: Assess the role of the committee system, political parties, and congressional leadership in organizing Congress. To Learning Objectives

13. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Committee System Types of committees –Standing committees –Joint committees –Conference committees –Select (or special) committees Committee chairs Committee membership LO 7.3 To Learning Objectives

14. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Bills can be forced out of a House committee by what? A.A majority vote B.A two-thirds vote C.A chairperson D.A discharge petition E.A majority leader LO 7.3 To Learning Objectives

15. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Bills can be forced out of a House committee by what? A.A majority vote B.A two-thirds vote C.A chairperson D.A discharge petition E.A majority leader LO 7.3 To Learning Objectives

16. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Lawmaking Budgetary Oversight Powers of Congress LO 7.4: Identify three of the most significant powers of Congress. LO 7.4: Identify three of the most significant powers of Congress. To Learning Objectives

17. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Committee referral –Markups Floor debate –Holds –Filibusters Cloture Final approval –Vetoes –Pocket vetoes The Law-Making Function LO 7.4 How a bill becomes a law To Learning Objectives

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Budgetary Function Congressional Budget Act of 1974 –Reconciliation –Timeline on budget process Pork and earmarks LO 7.4 To Learning Objectives

19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Oversight Function War Powers Act (1973) Congressional review Confirmation of presidential appointments –Senatorial courtesy Impeachment LO 7.4 To Learning Objectives

20. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The War Powers Act of 1973 has been considered by many to be what? A.Quite powerful B.A success C.Largely ineffective D.Unconstitutional E.Both C and D LO 7.4 To Learning Objectives

21. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The War Powers Act of 1973 has been considered by many to be what? A.Quite powerful B.A success C.Largely ineffective D.Unconstitutional E.Both C and D LO 7.4 To Learning Objectives

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Political parties –Divided/unified government Constituents Colleagues and caucuses –Logrolling Interest groups, lobbyists, and political action committees Staff and support agenciesStaff and support agencies How Members Make Decisions LO 7.5: Analyze the factors that influence how members of Congress make decisions. LO 7.5: Analyze the factors that influence how members of Congress make decisions. To Learning Objectives

23. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Despite thinking better of their own representatives in Congress, currently about _____ of constituents approve of Congress as a whole. A.twenty percent B.fifty percent C.seventy percent D.ninety percent E.five percent LO 7.5 To Learning Objectives

24. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Despite thinking better of their own representatives in Congress, currently about _____ of constituents approve of Congress as a whole. A.twenty percent B.fifty percent C.seventy percent D.ninety percent E.five percent LO 7.5 To Learning Objectives

25. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Toward Reform: Balancing Institutional Power LO 6.6: Evaluate the strategic interactions between Congress, the president, and the courts. LO 6.6: Evaluate the strategic interactions between Congress, the president, and the courts. Congress and the executive –Balance of power has shifted to executive Congress and the judiciary –Judicial review To Learning Objectives

26. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Tenure of Office Act was passed to do what? A.Ensure tenure of members of Congress B.Prevent Franklin D. Roosevelt from removing Supreme Court justices he disagreed with C.Prevent President Andrew Johnson from removing Lincoln cabinet appointees D.Prevent President Bill Clinton from firing insubordinate bureaucrats E.Ensure that Supreme Court justices would have their positions for life LO 7.6 To Learning Objectives

27. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Tenure of Office Act was passed to do what? A.Ensure tenure of members of Congress B.Prevent Franklin D. Roosevelt from removing Supreme Court justices he disagreed with C.Prevent President Andrew Johnson from removing Lincoln cabinet appointees D.Prevent President Bill Clinton from firing insubordinate bureaucrats E.Ensure that Supreme Court justices would have their positions for life LO 7.6 To Learning Objectives

28. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 7.1: How many women and minorities serve in Congress? Back To Learning Objectives

29. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 7.2: What is gerrymandering? Back To Learning Objectives

30. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 7.3: How are the House of Representatives and the Senate organized? Back To Learning Objectives

31. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 7.4: What is the partisan composition of the 112 th Congress? To Learning Objectives

32. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 7.5: How does a bill become a law? Back To Learning Objectives

33. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman To Learning Objectives

34. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 7.1: What are the powers of Congress? Back To Learning Objectives

35. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 7.2: What are the key differences between the House of Representatives and the Senate? To Learning Objectives

36. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 7.3: What is a typical day like for a member of Congress? To Learning Objectives

37. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 7.4: What are the advantages of incumbency? Back To Learning Objectives

38. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 7.5: What were the committees of the 111 th Congress? Back To Learning Objectives

39. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 7.6: What are the congressional support agencies? Back To Learning Objectives