1. Frank Lloyd Wright - 1867-1959 - one of America’s most influential and prolific architects - involved in both residential and commercial architecture

2. Key Terms Prairie house Usonian architecture Organic architecture

3. The American 4-Square - also called the American box - example of floor layouts of typical Victorian style houses in the US and Canada - Three to four rooms per floor with a central staircase leading up to the second floor - entrance at front of home

4. Simple box shape Two-and-a-half stories high Low-hipped roof with deep overhang Large central dormer Full-width porch with wide stairs Brick, stone, stucco, concrete block, or wood siding

5. Wright’s 4-Square

6. Early Wright residential plan Revised American 4- square with side entrance central fireplace and stairs compacted and located at side increased natural lighting from this basic blueprint, home could easily be modified

7. Prairie Style Viewing the Victorian home as too confining, developed Prairie style characterized by:  Low-pitched roof  Overhanging eaves  Horizontal lines  Central chimney  Open floor plan  clerestory windows

8. Martin House Complex

13. Usonian Architecture Wright had catered to societal elite but wished to develop a more democratic architecture during depression era America (1936) developed the Usonian home noted for its:  one story  no basement and no attic  open carport  concrete slab flooring  board and batten walls  built-in furniture  construction materials drawn from nature  little ornamentation  abundant natural views

14. -compact design -bedrooms brought down to first floor -removal of servants quarters and kitchen reduced to workspace -large living room connected to small dining area

15. Zimmerman House Front view of public façade with clerestory windows

16. Rear view of private façade banked with windows

17. Organic Architecture Organic architecture involves a respect for the properties of the materials—you don’t twist steel into a flower—and a respect for the harmonious relationship between the form/design and the function of the building (for example, Wright rejected the idea of making a bank look like a Greek temple). Organic architecture is also an attempt to integrate the spaces into a coherent whole: a marriage between the site and the structure and a union between the context and the structure.

18. exhibited bold originality in his designs for both private and public structures and rebelled against the ornate Neo-Classical and Victorian styles favoured by conventional architects. Wright was opposed to the imposition of preconceived styles. believed that the architectural form must ultimately be determined in each case by the particular function of the building, its environment, and the type of materials employed in the structure.

19. Kaufmann House (Falling Water) Bear Run, Pennsylvania. 1935.

22. Johnson Wax Building

24. The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum New York, New York. 1959.