1. The ANKLE

2.  Tibia  Medial malleolus  Fibula  Lateral malleolus  Talus  Calcaneus

3. The Ankle  Talocrural Joint  Talus and Malleoli of Tibia/Fibula  Movement  Subtalar Joint  Talus and Calcaneus  Movement

4. ANKLE SPRAINS  Inversion Sprain  Anterior Talofibular Ligament  Calcaneofibular and Posterior Talofibular Ligaments – more force/inversion needed

5. ANKLE SPRAINS  Eversion Sprains  Rare  Avulsion fracture  Heal Slowly

6. Signs and Symptoms  Pain  Inflammation  Discoloration  Instability of joint  Grade 1 vs Grade 3?

7. H.O.P.S.  History  Observation  Palpation

8. Special Tests  Anterior Drawer Test  Bump Test  Talar Tilt Test  Functional Examination

9. Treatment for Ankle Sprain  PRICE!  Preventative Equipment  Taping

10. Other lower leg injuries….  Achilles Tendonitis  Shin splints  Need to know:  What it is  Causes  Symptoms  treatment