1. Geographical Information System
GIS
Geographical Information System
Instructure: Professor, Dr Yuji Murayama
Teaching assistant : Niloofar Haji Mirza Aghasi

2. What is GIS ?
GIS is a computer system which contains hardware, software, geographic information, human factor and models. GIS aims to create, cave, present, grasp … of geographical information in order to analyze different phenomena. In other word GIS acts as a support key in any decision making.

3. What is GIS ?
GIS is not only a computer system for creating maps. Although it can create different map but it is analytical computer system. GIS is a spatial analytical tool. The most important GIS qualification is identifying spatial relationships between different affects on the earth and map.

4. WHAT GIS CAN DO
GIS can analyze different type of spatial and none-spatial data and display these analysis on maps.

5. GIS GIS COMPONENTS Building Streets Users Air Photos Software
Procedures
Hardware

6. TYPE OF DATA
Spatial data
Non spatial data

7. TYPE OF DATA 1. Attribute data: 2. Spatial data:
Statistics, text, images, sound, etc
2. Spatial data:
Vector data – discrete features:
Points
Lines
Polygons (zones or areas)
Raster data:
A continuous surface

8. TYPE OF DATA
Source:

9. GIS information creator
Satellite image
Remote sensing
Classic photogrammetry
GPS
Exciting maps and documents
GIS

10. GIS Components - Hardware
Input – scanner, digitizer, GPS
CPU, hard drive
LAN
Printer, plotter

11. Modelling the real world in raster and vector formats
... x y
raster
Modelling the real world
Thus all features can be coded in a digital form that the computer (and GIS) can understand. The slide shows the real world features as we see them, followed by a map representation. The map is then coded into two data models.
Firstly (above) the Vector representation.
Secondly (below) the Raster data model.
Finally these two models when applied will be translated into a series of numbers or codes that the computer can understand.
Further examples of these two data models can be found in both Burroughs & McDonnell and also Heywood et al.

12. URBAN PLANNING
- Land Use Changes - Housing Planning - Urban Development
Tehran’s City Structure Niloofar Haji Mirza Aghasi
Shanghai industries in the Civil War period Map Source:

13. DISASTER MANAGMENT Tsunami Flooding Drought Avalanche Fire
Road Accident
Train Accident

14. Tehran's accidents density map by Niloofar Haji Mirza Aghasi
Accidents analysis
GIS is a comprehensive management tool for traffic safety. Since the 1990s, GIS technologies have been used more often for such studies due to the accessibility of low cost GIS with user-friendly interfaces. GIS can provide a program for data visualization for finding out the relationships between graphical and non-graphical outputs.
Tehran's accidents density map by Niloofar Haji Mirza Aghasi

15. Crime Analysis
Application of GIS for crime mapping utilizes the various crime records integrated with ancillary information to derive the hotspots and carried out different objectives such as:
To identify hot spots as well as driving forces for different types of crime.
To help police to take preventive measures like deployment of forces in area prone to crime.
To develop a methodological framework for crime mapping using GIS
Crime mapping in Tifton, Georgia by Dr. Roy Cole

16. Advantages of GIS
GIS is a key of making best decision in any different science, business, etc.
GIS can explore both geographical and thematic components of data
Can handle, connect and analyse of large volumes of data
Can connect and integrate data from any disparate sources
Allows a wide variety of forms of visualisation

17. Limitations of GIS Collecting data is difficult procedure.
some data are expensive.
Only professional experts can use GIS software completely.