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Aromatic Compounds. Aromatic Systems are Characterized by Their Chemical Stability Note the chemical stability of the aromatic systems to the reaction.

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Presentation on theme: "Aromatic Compounds. Aromatic Systems are Characterized by Their Chemical Stability Note the chemical stability of the aromatic systems to the reaction."— Presentation transcript:

1 Aromatic Compounds

2 Aromatic Systems are Characterized by Their Chemical Stability Note the chemical stability of the aromatic systems to the reaction conditions in the following slides

3 Note aromatic system’s stability toward hydrogenation

4 Note aromatic systems’ stability toward strong reducing agent LiAlH 4

5 Note the (two) aromatic systems’ stability toward Br 2

6 Note the aryl iodide’s stability toward S N 2 substitution (S N 2 substitution occurs at the sp3 hybridized carbon)

7 Note the aryl iodide’s stability toward the strong base (potassium tert-butoxide) used to effect elimination

8 Reactions of Aromatic Systems: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

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15 The Friedel-Crafts Reaction

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21 Treatment of Aryl Halides with Extremely strong bases (amide anions, NaNH 2, pKa of ammonia = 38) can cause substitution reactions… (note that the above table shows the conjugate acids only)

22 But the mechanism involves a two-step process of elimination-addition.

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24 Treatment of aryl halides having strongly electron- withdrawing substituents (at the 2- and the 4-position) can also cause substitution reactions But…

25 The mechanism involves addition-elimination.

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29 Reactions of Side Chains and Attached Functionality on Aromatic Compounds

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31 Treatment of amines with nitrous acid (HONO) generates diazonium salts

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33 The Sandmeyer Reaction Swiss chemist (1854-1922) after whom reaction is named

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36 Benzylic Positions Can be Selectively Oxidized (all the way to the carboxylic acid) by Potassium Permanganate

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40 The Clemmensen Reduction

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43 Hydrogenolysis of Benzyl Esters and Benzyl Ethers

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