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Published byBranden Doyle Modified over 8 years ago
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Aromatic Compounds
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Aromatic Systems are Characterized by Their Chemical Stability Note the chemical stability of the aromatic systems to the reaction conditions in the following slides
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Note aromatic system’s stability toward hydrogenation
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Note aromatic systems’ stability toward strong reducing agent LiAlH 4
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Note the (two) aromatic systems’ stability toward Br 2
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Note the aryl iodide’s stability toward S N 2 substitution (S N 2 substitution occurs at the sp3 hybridized carbon)
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Note the aryl iodide’s stability toward the strong base (potassium tert-butoxide) used to effect elimination
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Reactions of Aromatic Systems: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
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The Friedel-Crafts Reaction
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Treatment of Aryl Halides with Extremely strong bases (amide anions, NaNH 2, pKa of ammonia = 38) can cause substitution reactions… (note that the above table shows the conjugate acids only)
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But the mechanism involves a two-step process of elimination-addition.
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Treatment of aryl halides having strongly electron- withdrawing substituents (at the 2- and the 4-position) can also cause substitution reactions But…
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The mechanism involves addition-elimination.
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Reactions of Side Chains and Attached Functionality on Aromatic Compounds
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Treatment of amines with nitrous acid (HONO) generates diazonium salts
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The Sandmeyer Reaction Swiss chemist (1854-1922) after whom reaction is named
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Benzylic Positions Can be Selectively Oxidized (all the way to the carboxylic acid) by Potassium Permanganate
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The Clemmensen Reduction
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Hydrogenolysis of Benzyl Esters and Benzyl Ethers
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