1. Fig. 53-1

2. Fig. 53-2 APPLICATION Hector’s dolphins

3. Fig. 53-3 Births Births and immigration add individuals to a population. Immigration Deaths and emigration remove individuals from a population. Deaths Emigration

4. Fig. 53-4 (a) Clumped (b) Uniform (c) Random

5. Fig. 53-4a (a) Clumped

6. Fig. 53-4b (b) Uniform

7. Fig. 53-4c (c) Random

8. Table 53-1

9. Fig. 53-5 Age (years) 204 8 6 10 1 1,000 100 Number of survivors (log scale) Males Females

10. Fig. 53-6 1,000 100 10 1 050100 II III Percentage of maximum life span Number of survivors (log scale) I

11. Table 53-2

12. Fig. 53-7

13. Fig. 53-8 Male Female 100 RESULTS 80 60 40 20 0 Reduced brood size Normal brood size Enlarged brood size Parents surviving the following winter (%)

14. Fig. 53-9 (a) Dandelion (b) Coconut palm

15. Fig. 53-9a (a) Dandelion

16. Fig. 53-9b (b) Coconut palm

17. Fig. 53-10 Number of generations 051015 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 1.0N = dN dt 0.5N = dN dt Population size (N)

18. Fig. 53-11 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 1920194019601980 Year Elephant population 1900

19. Table 53-3

20. Fig. 53-12 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 051015 Number of generations Population size (N) Exponential growth 1.0N = dN dt 1.0N = dN dt K = 1,500 Logistic growth 1,500 – N 1,500

21. Fig. 53-13 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 051015 Time (days) Number of Paramecium/mL Number of Daphnia/50 mL 0 30 60 90 180 150 120 020406080100120140160 Time (days) (b) A Daphnia population in the lab(a) A Paramecium population in the lab

22. Fig. 53-13a 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 05 10 15 Time (days) Number of Paramecium/mL (a) A Paramecium population in the lab

23. Fig. 53-13b Number of Daphnia/50 mL 0 30 60 90 180 150 120 0 2040 60 80 100120140160 Time (days) (b) A Daphnia population in the lab

24. Fig. 53-14

25. Fig. 53-15 (a) Both birth rate and death rate vary. Population density Density-dependent birth rate Equilibrium density Density- dependent death rate Birth or death rate per capita (b) Birth rate varies; death rate is constant. Population density Density-dependent birth rate Equilibrium density Density- independent death rate (c) Death rate varies; birth rate is constant. Population density Density-dependent death rate Equilibrium density Density- independent birth rate Birth or death rate per capita

26. Fig. 53-16 Population size 100 80 60 40 20 0 200400500600300 Percentage of juveniles producing lambs

27. Fig. 53-17 (a) Cheetah marking its territory (b) Gannets

28. Fig. 53-17a (a) Cheetah marking its territory

29. Fig. 53-17b (b) Gannets

30. Fig. 53-18 2,100 1,900 1,700 1,500 1,300 1,100 900 700 500 0 195519651975198519952005 Year Number of sheep

31. Fig. 53-19 WolvesMoose 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 Number of moose 0 Number of wolves 50 40 30 20 10 0 195519651975198519952005 Year

32. Fig. 53-20 Snowshoe hare Lynx Number of lynx (thousands) Number of hares (thousands) 160 120 80 40 0 1850187519001925 Year 9 6 3 0

33. Fig. 53-20a

34. Fig. 53-20b Snowshoe hare Lynx Number of lynx (thousands) Number of hares (thousands) 160 120 80 40 0 1850 1875 19001925 Year 9 3 0 6

35. Fig. 53-21 Aland Islands EUROPE Occupied patch Unoccupied patch 5 km ˚

36. Fig. 53-22 8000 B.C.E. 4000 B.C.E. 3000 B.C.E. 2000 B.C.E. 1000 B.C.E. 01000 C.E. 2000 C.E. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Plague Human population (billions) 7

37. Fig. 53-23 2005 Projected data Annual percent increase Year 19501975200020252050 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

38. Fig. 53-24 17501800 1900 195020002050 Year 1850 SwedenMexico Birth rate Death rate 0 10 20 30 40 50 Birth or death rate per 1,000 people

39. Fig. 53-25 Rapid growth Afghanistan MaleFemaleAge MaleFemale Slow growth United States MaleFemale No growth Italy 85+ 80–84 75–79 70–74 60–64 65–69 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 0–4 5–9 10–14 85+ 80–84 75–79 70–74 60–64 65–69 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 0–4 5–9 10–14 10 886644220 Percent of population 664422088664422088

40. Fig. 53-26 Less indus- trialized countries Indus- trialized countries 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 80 Life expectancy (years) Infant mortality (deaths per 1,000 births) Less indus- trialized countries Indus- trialized countries 60

41. Fig. 53-27 Log (g carbon/year) 13.4 9.8 5.8 Not analyzed

42. Fig. 53-UN1 Patterns of dispersion ClumpedUniformRandom

43. Fig. 53-UN2 Number of generations Population size (N) r max N dN dt =

44. Fig. 53-UN3 Number of generations K = carrying capacity Population size (N) r max N dN dt = K – N K

45. Fig. 53-UN4

46. Fig. 53-UN5