1. Today you will need: Writing Utensil, Bellwork Sheet, Journal. Bellwork: Make a sketch of the picture. Explain what you think this is and why. *When you finish. Open your Journal and set up page 2 called “Domain/Kingdom Notes”. Turn in any Extra Credit you did over the weekend. 1/25/16

2. Answer: This is a colony of bacteria living on the bristle of a toothbrush!

3. Classification: Domains/Kingdoms Essential Question: How do biologists classify life on earth into domains?

4. Before we get started. There are some words we NEED to be familiar with. These words will come up frequently and understanding them sets the foundation for this unit. HOMEWORK TONIGHT: Take Cornell Notes over a small section: 1:50 – 5:00 There will be a quiz over the material discussed in that section only.

5. Unicellular: made of one cell Multicellular: made of two or more cells Autotroph: able to produce its own food Heterotroph: obtains nutrients from its environment or other organisms

6. Quick Recap: We should all be familiar with this Pyramid and how to navigate through it.

7. Archaea Eukarya Archae- bacteria Eubacteria Bacteria Fungi Protista PlantaeAnamalia Draw This… We know that at some point life began on this planet. Then, through natural selection and evolution, all life “theoretically” branched off from this simple organism as the planet continuously changed.

8. Archaea Eukarya Archae- bacteria Eubacteria Bacteria Fungi Protista PlantaeAnamalia Draw This… As the planet changed and land spread so did life as it adapted to newly created environments. All life could now be classified into 3 domains. The Three Domains

9. Archaea Eukarya Archae- bacteria Eubacteria Bacteria Fungi Protista PlantaeAnamalia The Six Kindoms And from these Domains evolved the six Kingdoms.

10. Domain Archaea

11. The word archaea comes from Ancient Greek meaning "ancient things“Ancient Greek Organisms are unicellular prokaryotes They have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles They have cell walls Asexual reproduction through cell division (clones). Sexual reproduction through bacterial conjugation They can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Extremeophiles, living in extreme environments Thermophiles (extreme heat) Halophiles (extreme saltiness) Acidophiles (extreme acids; low pH levels) Methanogens produce methane in low oxygen conditionsmethane

12. Extremophile video! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q tLJzsRYvaI You should add 2 interesting facts to your notes.

13. Domain BacteriaBacteria

14. Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes. They do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Found in all habitats. They live where YOU do. Cell walls of Eubacteria contain the chemical peptidoglycan. May exist as single cells or group into colonies. Asexual reproduction through cell division (clones). Sexual reproduction through bacterial conjugation Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Can cause various diseases, strep throat/STD’s Rocky Mountain spotted fever Can be very helpful. Lactobacillus is used to help make foods (cheese/yogurt) present in the human digestive system. Decompose organic matter and cycle nitrogen

15. Cell Phones: The Bacteria Collector Good bacteria vs bad bacteria! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oInMjTQ8hMQ You need 2 interesting facts from each video.

16. KingdomArchaebacteriaEubacteria Cell Type? (Prokaryote or Eukaryote) Prokaryotic Unicellular or Multicelluar? Unicellular Autotroph or Heterotroph? Autotroph or Heterotroph Cell Wall? Yes Yes, with peptidoglycan Example E. coli

17. We’re going to look at some different bacteria. It’s your job to decide whether it’s an example of an archaebacteria or an eubacteria. Write the name of the bacteria in your example section.

18. Walking pneumonia is often the result of a lung infection from a bacterial microorganism called Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Cases of walking pneumonia are most common in the late summer and fall. But infections can occur with no particular pattern throughout the year. And, even though the disease is contagious, it spreads slowly. The contagious period in most cases lasts less than 10 days. Researchers also think it takes prolonged close contact with an infected person for someone else to develop walking pneumonia; still, there are widespread outbreaks every four to eight years. When those outbreaks occur, walking pneumonia can account for as many as one out of every two cases of pneumonia. Symptoms include: Cough that may come in violent spasms but produce very little mucus Mild flu-like symptoms such as fever and chills Sore throat Headache Tiredness Lingering weakness that may persist after other symptoms go away Some people with walking pneumonia may also have an ear infection, anemia, or a skin rash.

19. Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium. Gonorrhea can grow easily in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract. The bacterium can also grow in the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus. Common symptoms in men include a burning sensation when urinating, or a white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis that usually appears 1 to 14 days after infection. Most women with gonorrhea do not have any symptoms. Even when a woman has symptoms, they are often mild and include a painful or burning sensation when urinating, increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal bleeding between periods. Women with gonorrhea are at risk of developing serious complications from the infection, even if symptoms are not present or are mild.complications

20. Halophiles These are salt-loving bacteria that grow in places like the Great Salt Lake of Utah or salt ponds on the edge of San Francisco Bay. Large numbers of certain halophiles can turn these waters a dark pink. Pink halophiles contain a pigment very similar to the rhodopsin in the human retina. They use this visual pigment for a type of photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen. Halophiles are aerobes and perform aerobic respiration. The waters of Lake Owens in California

21. Thermus aquaticus: Thermophiles These are bacteria from hot springs and other high temperature environments. Some can grow above the boiling temperature of water. They are anaerobes, performing anaerobic respiration. Thermophiles are interesting because they contain genes for heat-stable enzymes that may be of great value in industry and medicine. An example is taq polymerase, the gene for which was isolated from a collection of Thermus aquaticus in a Yellowstone Park hot spring. Taq polymerase is used to make large numbers of copies of DNA sequences in a DNA sample. It is invaluable to medicine, biotechnology, and biological research. Annual sales of taq polymerase are roughly half a billion dollars.

22. Treponema pallidum: Syphilis The appearance of a single sore marks the first (primary) stage of syphilis symptoms. The sore appears at the location where syphilis entered the body. The sore is usually firm, round, and painless. The sore lasts 3 to 6 weeks and heals regardless of whether or not a person is treated. Large, raised, gray or white lesions may develop in warm, moist areas such as the mouth, underarm or groin region. Sometimes rashes associated with secondary syphilis are so faint that they are not noticed. Other symptoms include fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and fatigue. The symptoms of secondary syphilis will go away with or without treatment. Symptoms of the late stage of syphilis include difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, and dementia. In the late stages of syphilis, the disease damages the internal organs, including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints. This damage can result in death.

23. Fill in the chart using the information from your notes. After that, “enhance” your chart using the following colors: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote: Color eukaryotic boxes blue Color prokaryotic boxes yellow. Unicellular vs Multicellular: Color unicellular boxes purple Color multicellular boxes orange Color the both boxes half purple and half orange. Autotroph or Heterotroph: Color heterotrophic boxes red Color autotrophic boxes green Color the both boxes half red and half green. Cell Wall: Color the yes boxes grey Color the no boxes light blue Color the both boxes half grey and half light blue.

24. LABEL THIS!!! Bellwork for 1/26/16