1. Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources

2. Slide 2 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 To provide an understanding on achieving and maintaining a high level of safety and security of radioactive sources through the establishment of an adequate system of regulatory control applicable from the stage of initial production of sources to their final disposal. Objective

3. Slide 3 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Orphan or vulnerable sources have been found …

4. Slide 4 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 …some times too late. Goiânia 1987: Contaminated buildings needed to be demolished

5. Slide 5 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 IAEA Reports on Radiation Accidents

6. Slide 6 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Dijon 1998 G8 Evian Summit June 2003 Sept 11 Vienna, March 2003

7. Slide 7 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE SAFETY AND SECURITY OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCES Developed and endorsed by IAEA Member States To address international concerns over the safety & security of radioactive sources Provides non-legally binding Guidance January 2004

8. Slide 8 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 TARGET AUDIENCE Governments

9. Slide 9 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 To achieve and maintain a high level of safety and security of radioactive sources To prevent unauthorised access or damage to, and loss, theft or unauthorised transfers of radioactive sources, so as to reduce the likelihood of accidental harmful exposure malicious use of such sources To mitigate or minimize radiological consequences of any accident or malicious act involving sources Objectives of the Code

10. Slide 10 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Based on existing International Standards Provides guidance on: Legislation Regulations Regulatory body Import/export controls

11. Slide 11 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 High risk sources (Category 1 – 3 sources, see Module 3-3) Not applicable to nuclear material sources within military or defence programmes Scope of the Code

12. Slide 12 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Scope and objective of the Code General obligations of the Member States Legislation and regulations Regulatory body Import and export of radioactive sources Role of the IAEA Dissemination of the Code Contents of the Code

13. Slide 13 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 General obligations of the Member States

14. Slide 14 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 An effective national legislative and regulatory system of control over radioactive sources is in place Appropriate facilities and services for radiation protection, safety and security are available to, and used by the authorized bodies Adequate arrangements are in place for the training of the staff of the regulatory body, law enforcement agencies and emergency services organizations Every Member State should ensure that

15. Slide 15 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Establish a national register of radioactive sources. This register should, as a minimum, include Category 1 and 2 radioactive sources. Ensure that information concerning any loss of control over radioactive sources, or any incidents, with potential transboundary effects involving radioactive sources, is provided promptly to potentially affected States through established IAEA or other mechanisms. Every Member State should

16. Slide 16 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Promote awareness among industry, health professionals, the public, and government bodies of the safety and security hazards associated with orphan sources Encourage bodies likely to encounter orphan sources to implement appropriate monitoring programmes to detect such sources Every Member State should

17. Slide 17 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Encourage the reuse or recycling of radioactive sources when practicable and consistent with considerations of safety and security Emphasize to designers, manufacturers, suppliers and users and those managing disused sources their responsibilities for the safety and security of radioactive sources Every Member State should

18. Slide 18 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Define its domestic threat, and assess its vulnerability with respect to this threat for the variety of sources used within its territory, based on the potential for loss of control and malicious acts involving radioactive sources. Take appropriate measures consistent with its national law to protect the confidentiality of any information that it receives in confidence under the Code from another State. Every Member State should

19. Slide 19 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Legislation and regulations

20. Slide 20 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Prescribe and assign governmental responsibilities to assure the safety and security of radioactive sources Provide for the effective control of radioactive sources Specify the requirements for protection against exposure to ionizing radiation the safety and security of radioactive sources Legislation and regulations should

21. Slide 21 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 The establishment of an effectively independent regulatory body Measures to protect individuals, society and the environment from the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation from radioactive sources Administrative requirements relating to notifications to the regulatory body and the authorization of the management of radioactive sources Provisions for exemptions Legislation and regulations should provide for

22. Slide 22 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Managerial requirements relating to the establishment of policies, procedures and measures for the control of radioactive sources Requirements for security measures to deter, detect and delay the unauthorized access to, or the theft, loss or unauthorized use or removal of radioactive sources Requirements relating to the verification of the safety and security of radioactive sources The capacity to take appropriate enforcement actions Legislation and regulations should provide for

23. Slide 23 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Regulatory body

24. Slide 24 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Establish regulations and issue guidance relating to the safety and security of radioactive sources Require those who intend to manage radioactive sources to seek an authorization and to Obtain all relevant information from an applicant Issue, amend, suspend or revoke it, as necessary Attach clear and unambiguous conditions to it. Regulatory body established by legislation should have the authority to:

25. Slide 25 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Obtain any relevant and necessary information from a person with an authorization Require suppliers of radioactive sources to provide the recipient with all relevant technical information to permit their safe and secure management Enter premises in order to undertake inspections for the verification of compliance with regulatory requirements Enforce regulatory requirements Regulatory body established by legislation should have the authority to:

26. Slide 26 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Monitor, or request other authorized bodies to monitor, at appropriate checkpoints for the purpose of detecting orphan sources Ensure that corrective actions are taken when a radioactive source is in an unsafe or non- secure condition Provide to an authorized body and the public any information that is deemed necessary in order to protect individuals, society and the environment Regulatory body established by legislation should have the authority to:

27. Slide 27 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Liaise and co-ordinate with other governmental bodies and with relevant non-governmental bodies Liaise with regulatory bodies of other countries and with international organizations Establish criteria for intervention in emergency situations Ensure that radioactive sources are stored in facilities appropriate for the purpose of such storage Regulatory body established by legislation should have the authority to:

28. Slide 28 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Is staffed by qualified personnel Has the financial resources and the facilities and equipment necessary to undertake its functions Is able to draw upon specialist resources and expertise from other relevant governmental agencies. Establishes procedures for dealing with applications for authorization. Member State should ensure that the regulatory body:

29. Slide 29 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Ensures that arrangements are made for the safe management and secure protection of radioactive sources, including financial provisions where appropriate, once they have become disused Maintains appropriate records of authorized bodies and the type(s) of radioactive sources that they are authorized to use Member State should ensure that the regulatory body:

30. Slide 30 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Promotes the establishment of a safety culture and of a security culture among all bodies involved in the management of radioactive sources Establishes systems for ensuring that radioactive sources and their containers, and areas where radioactive sources are managed are marked with appropriate signs Member State should ensure that the regulatory body:

31. Slide 31 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Establishes systems for ensuring that radioactive sources are identifiable and traceable Ensures that inventory controls are conducted on a regular basis by authorized bodies Carries out both announced and unannounced inspections at an appropriate frequency Takes enforcement actions to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements Member State should ensure that the regulatory body:

32. Slide 32 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Ensures that the regulatory principles and criteria remain adequate and valid Requires the prompt reporting by authorized persons of loss of control over, and of incidents in connection with, radioactive sources Provides guidance on appropriate levels of information, instruction and training to manufacturers, suppliers and users of radioactive sources Member State should ensure that the regulatory body:

33. Slide 33 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Requires authorized persons to prepare emergency plans Is prepared (or has established provisions) to recover and restore appropriate control over orphan sources to deal with radiological emergencies and has established response plans and measures In respect of orphan sources that may have originated within the State to assist in obtaining technical information relating to their safe and secure management Member State should ensure that the regulatory body:

34. Slide 34 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Import and export

35. Slide 35 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Export of Category 1 and 2 sources shall take place only with consent by the importing State the prior notification by the exporting State Import and export of radioactive sources

36. Slide 36 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Import of Category 1 and 2 sources shall be consented only if the recipient is authorized to receive and possess the source the importing State has the appropriate technical and administrative capability, resources and regulatory structure needed to ensure that the source will be managed in a manner consistent with the provisions of the Code Import and export of radioactive sources

37. Slide 37 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Export of a Category 1 or 2 source should be authorised only if the exporting state can satisfy itself, insofar as practicable, that the receiving State has authorized the recipient to receive and possess the source has the appropriate technical and administrative capability, resources and regulatory structure needed to ensure that the source will be managed in a manner consistent with the provisions of the Code Import and export of radioactive sources

38. Slide 38 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Import or export may also be authorized in exceptional circumstances with the consent of the importing State if an alternative arrangement has been made to ensure the source will be managed in a safe and secure manner. Import and export of radioactive sources

39. Slide 39 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Every State should allow for re-entry into its territory of disused radioactive sources if, in the framework of its national law, it has accepted that they be returned to a manufacturer authorized to manage the disused sources. Every State should take appropriate steps to ensure that import or export is conducted in a manner consistent with existing relevant international standards relating to the transport of radioactive materials. Import and export of radioactive sources

40. Slide 40 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Transport of radioactive sources through the territory of a transit or transshipment state should be conducted in a manner consistent with existing relevant international standards relating to the transport of radioactive materials particular attention should be paid to maintaining continuity of control during international transport. Import and export of radioactive sources

41. Slide 41 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Further guidance on the application of the Code provisions on import and export is provided in the “ Guidance on the Import and Export of Radioactive Sources IAEA, Vienna (2005)” (See Module 3-6) Import and export of radioactive sources

42. Slide 42 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Role of the IAEA Dissemination of the Code Annexes Implementation of the Code

43. Slide 43 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 To collect and disseminate information on laws, regulations and technical standards relating to the safety and security of radioactive sources To develop and establish relevant technical standards and provide for the application of these standards To disseminate the Code and related information To implement the measures approved by its policy- making organs. Role of the IAEA

44. Slide 44 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Every State should, as appropriate, inform persons involved in the management of radioactive sources, such as industry, health professionals, government bodies, and the public, of the measures it has taken to implement the Code Dissemination of the Code

45. Slide 45 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Category 1 sources used in radiothermal generators, irradiators and radiation teletherapy Category 2 sources used in industrial gamma radiography, high dose rate brachytherapy and medium dose rate brachytherapy Category 3 high activity fixed industrial gauges and well logging Annex I: Sources covered by the Code

46. Slide 46 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Following approval of the Code by the Board of Governors, the General Conference (Resolution GC(47)/RES/7.B) urged each State to write to the Director General stating: that it fully supports and endorses the IAEA’s efforts to enhance the safety and security of radioactive sources; and that it is working towards following the guidance contained in the revised Code In addition, the BoG requested the Director General to publish a list of States that make such a political commitment Implementation of the Code

47. Slide 47 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4

48. Slide 48 Organization and Implementation of a National Regulatory Program for the Control of Radiation Sources Module 1-4 Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources, IAEA, Vienna (2004) Guidance on the Import and Export of Radioactive Sources IAEA, Vienna (2005) Categorization of Radioactive Sources, Safety Guide RS-G-1.9, IAEA, Vienna (2005) References