1. Phylogenetic
Classification
Models

2. In your table groups, find three ways to groups these animals.
What characteristics did you use for each of your classifications?

3. . . . and open the Cladistics' Newsletter
Log in to . . .
Google Classroom
and open the Cladistics' Newsletter

4. . . . Read the newsletter and answer the following
questions in complete sentences in your biology
notebook.
What is the difference
between ancestral and
derived characteristics?
What is a cladogram?
Based on the cladogram on page 2, Which traits do flowering plants and conifers share?

5. What is the difference
between ancestral and
derived characteristics?
An ancestral character is found in a variety of groups within the line of descent. A derived character is present in one group within the line of descent, but it is not found in the common ancestor.

6. What is a cladogram?
A cladogram is a branching
diagram that shows the proposed phylogeny of a species.
A cladogram is similar to a pedigree. Both have branches and show the ancestry of an individual or a group.

7. Based on the cladogram on page 2, Which traits do flowering plants and conifers share?

8. Evolutionary relationships are determined on the basis of similarities in structure, breeding behavior, geographic distribution, chromosomes and biochemistry. Because these characteristics provide the clues about how species evolved, they also revel the probable evolutionary relationships of species

9. Species that share a common ancestor also share an evolutionary history. The evolutionary history of a species is called is phylogeny.
One biological system of classification that is based on phylogeny is cladistics.

10. A cladogram is a
model of the phylogeny
of a species and is
similar to a pedigree or
family tree.

11. Get a copy of the cladogram insert and paste it onto the left page of your notebook.

12. Examine the sample cladogram, each letter on
the diagram points to a derived
character, or something different (or newer) than what was seen in previous groups.
Note: this cladogram was created for simplicity and understanding, it does not represent the established phylogeny for insects and their relatives.

13. Match the term below with its correct place on the cladogram:
Wings
6 Legs
Segmented Body
Double set of wings
Jumping Legs
Crushing mouthparts
Legs
Curly Antennae
A = ? ? ?
B = ? ? ?
C = ? ? ?
D = ? ? ?
. . . and so on . . .

15. The diagram below is known as a fan diagram
The diagram below is known as a fan diagram. Groups of organisms in the same colored ray share more inherited characteristics.

16. Phylogenetic Classification Models
Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. Letters A through E represent different species of organisms. The arrows represent long periods of geologic time.
Which species would most likely show the greatest similarities in their amino acid sequences?

17. Phylogenetic Classification Models
Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. Letters A through E represent different species of organisms. The arrows represent long periods of geologic time.
Which species is the common ancestor to all of the other species?

18. Were not able to adapt to their environment  natural selection
Phylogenetic Classification Models
Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. Letters A through E represent different species of organisms. The arrows represent long periods of geologic time.
became extinct
Were not able to adapt to their environment  natural selection
What happened to species C, D & E? What might have caused this to happen?