1. Romanticism

2. The Romantic Movement  Began in the 1790’s  Peaked in the 1820’s  It was a reaction to the Enlightenment and classicism  Was the artistic expression of 19 th century liberalism

3. The Romantic Movement  Focused on a growing distrust of reason  Civilization corrupts! (Rousseau)  Human knowledge is puny compared to historical forces  The community is more important than the individual—rejected “individual rights”

4. The Romantic Movement  Included a revival of Christianity  Mostly focused in Northern Europe—Great Britain and Germany  Two major influences on the Romantic Movement—Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant

5. Jean-Jacques Rousseau  Thoughts on childhood and education influenced the Romantic Movement  Prosperity had corrupted human nature  Children should be able to grow and learn freely  Learn by trial and error what reality is and how best to deal with it

6. Immanuel Kant  German philosopher  Critique of Pure Reason (1781)  Critique of Practical Reason (1788)

7. Major Romantic Painters  Caspar David Friedrich  (1774-1840)  German The Abbey in the Oakwood, 1810 Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, 1818

8. Major Romantic Painters  John Constable  (1776-1837)  British Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s Grounds (1820) The Cornfield (1826)

9. Major Romantic Painters  Joseph Mallord William Turner  (1775-1851) Rain, Steam, and Speed (1844)

10. Major Romantic Painters  William Blake  British (1757-1827)—also a poet Isaac Newton (1795)

11. Major Romantic Poets  Lord Byron  William Wordsworth  John Keats  William Blake  Samuel Taylor Coleridge—Rime of the Ancient Mariner

12. Major Romantic Novels  Jane Eyre—Charlotte Bronte (1847)  Wuthering Heights—Emily Bronte (1847)  Ivanhoe—Sir Walter Scott (1819)  Les Miserables—Victor Hugo (1862)  Frankenstein and Dracula  Faust—Goethe

13. Political Implications of Romanticism  Romanticism was used to reinforce political liberalism of the 19 th century  However, it was also used to reinforce political conservatism of the same time period  AND, it contributed to the growing nationalist movements of the time period as well.