1. Urban Energy Systems the infrastructure story Prof David Fisk Co-director BP-UES Imperial College London

2. 20 th Century Energy projections never asked where energy is consumed exposed the future as urban energy recognised cities as sources innovation in energy demand So what if they did?

3. Pumped water 10 6 Metros freeways Oil/el vehicles coal based lighting Coal htg ? Historically cities are problem solving machines adapting industrial solutions Population 1900 1800 10 7 Innovators?

4. Component Improvement Process Integration Cities Process Industry Process re-engineering Better Insulation Built form efficiency The ‘technology trajectory’ model for future urban energy consumption ?

5. Future Cities Face Challenges Local generation Equity Competition Water Waste Power Oil Congestion Big impacts on production and consumption Including urban energy systems Big impacts on production and consumption Including urban energy systems

6. World Cities Different ……..

7. Urban Systems Cities less different than they look

8. Urban systems world’s 2 types of metro Angeloudis et al 2006

9. Urban systems After Carvalho et al 2003

10. Bedzed Office/Home (with thanks to Arup’s) Integrations

11. 20-25% Efficient? Process Integration applied to cities as systems

12. City Density & Energy

13. Forces for Change Cities are facing new problems Energy has taken over from water as strategic resource –(and transport has taken over from electricity) Cities are in greater competition with each other Frontline of environmental issues Cities are facing new problems Energy has taken over from water as strategic resource –(and transport has taken over from electricity) Cities are in greater competition with each other Frontline of environmental issues City services provision much more flexible than before Infrastructure more ‘similar’ than once thought More information available to run cities City services provision much more flexible than before Infrastructure more ‘similar’ than once thought More information available to run cities But…………..

14. New Tools to handle city level data fast Traffic density to heat island GIS plot Light data proxy for urban activity Three types of city?

15. Conclusions Cities have long record in innovation Not likely that future pattern of energy consumption will be retained Component improvement may be replaced with system integration In the longer term whole system re-think