1. 1 st and 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics Notes Thursday, January 28, 2015 and Friday, January 29, 2015

3. First Law of Thermodynamics  Energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.  The total amount of energy and matter in the Universe remains constant, merely changing from one form to another.  The First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation) states that energy is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed. In essence, energy can be converted from one form into another.

5. Processes in nature Types of processes  Reversible – is a process that after it’s finished can go backwards and end up where it started.  Irreversible – is a process that cannot go back and restore itself  All processes that occur in nature are irreversible (ex. a flower pot is dropped and shatters on the ground – the pot cannot be restored to it’s original state on its own).

7. Entropy  Is a measure of disorder of a system ‪ Diagram source cnx.orgcnx.org

10. Entropy  Relating entropy to different states of matter  When a substance is in a gas stage there’s more disorder than there is in a liquid stage because the molecules are held closer together in a liquid form.  When a substance is in a liquid stage there’s more disorder than there is in a solid stage because the molecules are held closer together in a solid stage. ‪ Diagram sources www2.ucdsb.on.ca ‪ Diagram sources www2.ucdsb.on.ca and ‪ cnx.org ‪ cnx.org

11. Restating the 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics  Natural processes tend to move toward a state of greater entropy.

12. Notes - specific heat, measuring heat energy  Review the following slides and add to your notes.