2. M7.5 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES AFGHANISTAN OCTOBER 26, 2015 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

3. EARTHQUAKES ARE A GLOBAL NATURAL HAZARD FLOODS SEVERE WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES DROUGHTS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ETC.

4. EARTHQUAKES are small to awesome manifestations of energy released in the form of seismic waves and tsunamis as tectonic plates of the Earth’s crust slowly converge, diverge, or slide by each other

5. EARTHQUAKES OCCUR MAINLY AT PLATE BOUNDARIES

6. THE COLLISION OF THE INDO-AUSTRIALIA AND EURASIAN PLATES CAUSES EARTHQUAKES

7. OCTOBER 26, 2015: THE TECTONIC PLATES IN THE VICINITY OF AFGHANISTAN THAT HAVE BEEN MOVING FOR 200 MILLION YEARS MOVED ONCE AGAIN

8. KEY ASPECTS OF THE EARTHQUAKE The U.S. Geological Survey said the epicenter was in the far northern Afghan province of Badakhshan, which borders Pakistan, Tajikistan and China. The quake was 213 kilometers (130 miles) deep and the epicenter was 73 kilometers (45 miles) south of the provincial capital, Fayzabad.

9. NOTE: THE DEPTH OF THE EARTHQUAKE FOCUS—213 KM– NOT 10 KM AS IN THE 2005 KASHMIRE EARTHQUAKE, KEPT THE DISASTER FROM BEING EVEN WORSE

10. LOCATION OF EARTHQUAKE

11. AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN

12. IMPACTS OF THE EARTHQUAKE The death toll, which reached at least 340 late Monday, is expected to rise sharply. In Pakistan, at least 228 people were killed, with more than 1,000 injured, The corresponding tolls in Afghanistan were lower, but included 12 school girls who died in a stampede.

13. TECTONIC DEFORMATION EARTHQUAKE TSUNAMI GROUND SHAKING FAULT RUPTURE FOUNDATION FAILURE SITE AMPLIFICATION LIQUEFACTION LANDSLIDESAFTERSHOCKSSEICHE DAMAGE/LOSS DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS

14. NOTE: GROUND SHAKING WILL CAUSE A DISASTER WHEN IT INTERACTS WITH VULNERABLE AND UNPROTECTED BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN A NATION’S COMMUNITIES

15. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING EARTHQUAKES SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON- STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF DAMAGE “DISASTER LABORATORIES”

16. Afghanistan’s and Pakistan’s armies led the initial search and rescue and response operations after the earthquake

17. AFGHANISTAN: TAHKAR PROVINCE

18. PAKISTAN

21. PAKISTAN: SOLDIER LOADING RELIEF SUPPLIES

22. PAKIISTAN DECLARED THAT IT DID NOT NEED INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE The impacts in Pakistan were far less severe than in the October 2005 earthquake that killed 78,000

23. KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE 8:52 AM SATURDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2005 M7.6 10 KM (6 MI) DEPTH 78,000 DEAD IN PAKISTAN COLLAPSED BUILDINGS, SCHOOLS, AND HOSPITALS HOMELESS

24. TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE IN AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN A Paradigm Shift That Will Improve the Quality of Life in Afghanistan and Pakistan

25. Disaster resilience, which is the capacity of a country to rebound quickly after the socioeconomic impacts of a disaster, requires decision-making for a national paradigm shift from the status quo.

26. EARTHQUAKES AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN ARE PRONE TO

27. WHEN A COUNTRY IS DISASTER PRONE, CONTINUATION OF THE STATUS QUO Will result in new and more complex HEALTH PROBLEMS WILL result in unnecessary DEATHS AND INJURIES WILL result in longer and more costly RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

28. WHAT DO WE KNOW? Disaster resilience has become an urgent global goal in the 21 st century as many Nations are experiencing disasters after a natural hazard strikes, and learning that their communities, institutions, and people do NOT yet have the capacity to be disaster resilient.

29. TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE IN PAKISTAN Step 1: Integrate Past Experiences Into Books of Knowledge Step 2: From Books of Knowledge to Innovative Educational Surges to Build Professional and Technical Capacity Step 3: From Professional and Technical Capacity to Disaster Resilience

30. NOTE: Step 1 is a task to integrate everything we know or think we know about Pakistan’s earthquakes into professional practice

31. NOTE: Step 2 is a task for a Nation’s “Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine,” its educational institutions at all levels, and its electronic and print media that provide public information

32. NOTE: Step 3 is a task for a Nation’s “decision-makers,” (i.e., its political leaders, stakeholders, and leading professionals) who have a basis for deciding on the nature and scope of a national paradigm shift

33. THINKING ABOUT THE FUTURE REGIONAL EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE: AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM, OR IS IT?

34. YOURCOMMUNITYYOURCOMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS MONITORING HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EM RESPONSE RECOSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

35. RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION after the AFGHANISTAN EARTHQUAKE OF OCTOBER 26, 2015 CHOOSING OPTIONS THAT WILL FACILITATE LONG-TERM RECOVERY

36. LONG-TERM RECOVERY NEEDS IN REGION NEED: 2 TO 3 MILLION NEW DWELLINGS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. NEED: NEW SCHOOLS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. NEED: NEW HOSPITALS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. NEED: INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.

37. GOAL TO MARSHAL AND INTEGRATE THE REGIONALSTAPLE FORCES,.. …GIVING ALL SECTORS EQUITY IN DESIGN PROCESSES FOR BECOMING EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. TO MARSHAL AND INTEGRATE THE REGIONALSTAPLE FORCES,.. …GIVING ALL SECTORS EQUITY IN DESIGN PROCESSES FOR BECOMING EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.

38. OBJECTIVES TO BECOME RESILIENT TO GROUND SHAKING, LANDSLIDES, AND AFTERSHOCKS TO ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT PUBLIC POLICY MANDATES FOR PREVENMTION, MITIGATION, PREPAREDNESS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION

39. PROCEDURES USE STATE-OF- ART TOOLS FOR ASSESSING HAZARDS AND RISK (E.G., GROUND SHAKING MAPS AND HAZUS ) USE PROVEN TECHNOLOGY FOR REDUCING VULNERABILITY IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT (E.G., ENERGY DISSIPATION)

40. PROCESSES FOR BECOMING EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT INCREASED PUBLIC AWARENESS IMPROVED PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING EXPANDED MONITORING AND WARNING SYSTEMS INCREASED PUBLIC AWARENESS IMPROVED PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING EXPANDED MONITORING AND WARNING SYSTEMS MODERN BUILDING CODES FOR NEW BUILDINGS MODERN STANDARDS FOR NEW INFRASTRUCTURE STRENGTHENING AND RETROFIT FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES EXPANDED INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION MODERN BUILDING CODES FOR NEW BUILDINGS MODERN STANDARDS FOR NEW INFRASTRUCTURE STRENGTHENING AND RETROFIT FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES EXPANDED INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION