1. SMART SMART Sustainable Management of Scarce Resources in the Coastal Zone 12–15 September 2004 TUNISIA DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER Faculty of Engineering, Tınaztepe Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey WP5- Case Study: TURKEY Gediz River Basin (Modeling Studies)

2. SMART TELEMAC: Past & Current Status of the Izmir Bay Inner Bay Middle Bay Outer Bay Gediz Delta Izmir Inner Bay Near Past Conditions (3 years ago): -There is no any treatment of waste water -Domestic and Industrial waste water -Small creeks discharge into the bay -Gediz River Pollution flows into the outer bay Near Past Status (3 years ago): -Highly Polluted Inner Bay -Polluted Middle Bay -Reasonably Less Polluted Outer Bay Now (2004): -There are two treatment plants -No Domestic and Industrial wastewater discharges -Small creeks discharge into the bay (still) -Gediz River Pollution flows into the outer bay (still) Current Status -Inner Bay started to recover itself -Reasonably clean Middle Bay -Clean Outer Bay

3. SMART TELEMAC: Past & Current Status of the Izmir Bay (Before Treatment) Pictures from the inner bay

4. SMART Inner Bay Middle Bay Outer Bay Gediz Delta Izmir Inner Bay TELEMAC: Past & Current Status of the Izmir Bay (Treatment Plants) CIGLI TREATMENT PLANT

5. SMART TELEMAC: Past & Current Status of the Izmir Bay (Treatment Plants) GUZELBAHCE TREATMENT PLANT Inner Bay Middle Bay Outer Bay Gediz Delta Izmir Inner Bay

6. SMART TELEMAC: Past & Current Status of the Izmir Bay (After Treatment) Pictures from the inner bay

7. SMART TELEMAC: objective What is the current pollution distribution in the bay before and after the treatment? How much pollution comes from Gediz River into the inner bay? TELEMAC will answer the following questions: Inner Bay Middle Bay Outer Bay Gediz Delta Izmir Inner Bay

8. SMART TELEMAC: available data (bathymetry) Data Status: available

9. SMART TELEMAC: available data (wind) Data Type: Wind Series (1994-2003) Source: Cigli Met.Sta. Properties: Hourly Time Series Direction & Velocity Main Wind Directions and Velocities Data Status: available

10. SMART Point Source (21.600 m 3 /day) Guzelbahce Treatment Plant Point Source (600.000 m 3 /day) Cigli Treatment Plant River Pollution Discharge Gediz River TELEMAC: available data (water quality) Discharge Criteria: BOD 5 :20mg/lt COD :100mg/lt TSS:30mg/lt NH 4 -N :10mg/lt Total-N:12mg/lt PO 4 -P:1mg/lt Bimonthly water quality time series of several parameters Data Status: available

11. SMART TELEMAC DATA Current Meters TELEMAC: available data (currents) Data Status: current data series are available but not reachable due to the politic and bureaucratic constraints. Only available as mean and maximum current velocities recorded during short time period in locations given in the figure. beginendlonglatDepthCMMax.VAv.V 23.9.9430.9.9426.6838.5210111.406.30 18.4.9424.4.9426.6738.675326.409.93 ….

12. SMART TELEMAC: (conditions and problems) Inner Bay Middle Bay Outer Bay Gediz Delta Izmir Inner Bay There is no recent water quality measurements in the bay after treatment plants operated. Thus, initial conditions and calibration of the quality modeling look uncertain. (Assumption?) Cyclonic water movement in the Aegean sea effects the currents in the bay. Tidal currents are not major components of the currents in the bay (max 0.15m). Thermoclin exists. There are two horizontal water layer during the spring and summer time. Currents are quite different in these layer at the same time. In winter time, due to the wind forces water column can be considered as homogeneous. Due to the NNE wind forces there is downwelling through the south coast of the bay. Comprehensive modeling of the currents and water quality of the bay with existing data, look difficult. Thus, the modeling efforts will be continued now, under several assumptions and simplifications.

13. SMART WATERWARE: Current Status of the Gediz River Basin (Hydrology and Water Use) Water User Estimated Consumption [million m 3 ]Total Surface Water Large Scale Irrigation Small Scale Irrigation Hydropower Bird Reserve 610 50 0 4 664 Groundwater Pump Irrigation Groups Private Irrigators Urban within the Basin Transfer to Izmir City Industry 30 5 26 108 50 219 Totals 833 883 Water Domain Estimated Supply [million m 3 ] Surface Water 940 Groundwater (Safe Yield) 160 Totals 1110 Results %70 Surface Water is used in Irrigation Quality Degrading Consumption is grater than safe yield Water Level Decreasing

14. SMART WATERWARE: Current Status of the Gediz River Basin (Institutional, essential tasks) Indicates no water quality control in all domain

15. SMART WATERWARE: Current Status of the Gediz River Basin (Institutional) There has been very limited planning at the basin level with respect to surface water and virtually none for groundwater and waste disposal Water is allocated, in practice, by a variety of agencies and users operating independently of each other. Water quality monitoring takes place, but information is often not available in useful forms to interested parties. Ensuring surface water and groundwater quality is not actively practiced in the Gediz basin. No attention is currently paid to the quality of agricultural return flows. NGOs have no role in performing essential management functions, but clearly have an important role to play in overall basin governance. Example of examining the previous essential task matrices.

16. SMART WATERWARE: available data (DEM) 1x1 km spatial resolution New!! SRTM Data Set (90x90m) Edited data is only for US now, but raw data is available for all countries (Fully edited by the end of 2004) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DTED® Level 1 (3 arc second) Data Data Status: 1x1 km is available, 90x90m is still in progress for each sub-catchments

17. SMART WATERWARE: available data (LAND COVER) 1x1 km spatial resolution Classified Land Cover Info Data Status: Ready for each sub-catchments (1x1km) Lansat images are still processing ~30m spatial resolution Lansat TM (1987) ~30m spatial resolution Lansat ETM (2000)

18. SMART WATERWARE: available data (SOIL) Digitized from paper map (1/250.000) Classified considering texture and depth with 1x1 km spatial resolution Data Status: Ready for each sub-catchments

19. SMART WATERWARE: available data (meteorological data) Data Status: Ready for each sub-catchments

20. SMART WATERWARE: available data (streamflow data) Data Status: Ready for each station point, transferring data to each node is still continuing.

21. SMART WATERWARE: available data (water quality data) Sta NO Name of StationMonitoring Duration 5-002GEDİZ NEHRİ-URGANLI86/89-93/95- 96/96-00 5-005GEDİZ NEHRİ-MURADİYE KÖPRÜSÜ86/88-00 5-006GEDİZ NEHRİ-MENEMEN KÖPRÜSÜ86/91-92/95-00 5-022EMİRALEM REGÜLATÖRÜ90-93/95-00 5-023NİF ÇAYI ÇİÇEKLİ-MEMBA90-00 5-024NİF ÇAYI-HACIHALİLLER (MANSAP)91-93/95-00 5-026NİF ÇAYI COBAN İSA-MANSAP90-00 5-030NİF II KÖPRÜSÜ91-00 5-038GEDİZ N.-MANİSA KÖPRÜSÜ91-93/95-00 5-041ALAŞEHİR ÇAYI-AKHİSAR KÖPRÜSÜ91-93/95-00 5-043GEDİZ NEHRİ-AKHİSAR KÖPRÜ91-93/95-00 5-044DEMİRCI ÇAYI-BORLU MEMBA91-93/95-00 5-047GEDİZ N.-GEDİZ I KÖPRÜSÜ91-93/95-00 5-049D.KÖPRÜ BARAJ ÇIKIŞI92-00 5-054GÖRDES BARAJI MENBA98-00 Monitoring period: bimonthly Regularly Observed Parameters: BOD5, Ca, Cl, DO, EC, K, M-Al, Mg, Na, NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, o-PO4, pH, pV, SO4, SS, T, TDS. Irregularly Observed Parameters: B, COD, Fe, F-Strip, P-Al Rarely Observed Parameters: Cd, CN, Col, Cr, Cu, E-Coli, F, Hg, Mn, Pb, T-Coli, TH, TKN, Turb, Zn Data Status: Ready for each station

22. SMART WATERWARE: available data (main water structures data) Data Status: Releases of the Dams and regulation rules of the Diversions are collecting… Demirkopru Dam Releases

23. SMART WATERWARE: node topology (General View)

24. SMART WATERWARE: node topology (Example) Alasehir Tributary Alasehir Tributary in WATERWARE Network Status: Definition of the Gediz Water Network has been started on the WEB based Scenario Editor.