1. Wealth & development

2. What is development? Equality Standard of living GDP per capita Manufacturing & service industries. Human rights/freedom Political stability Good infrastructure Access to clean water. Sufficient & nutritious food consumption. Access to education & health care

3. Factors Affecting Development Natural resources & ability to extract/use them. Industrialisation Political stability War Natural disasters Climate Terrain (flat land/mountains) Disease Neighbouring countries Location: coastal/landlocked. Trade

4. Measuring Development GDP per capita Literacy rate No of people per doctor Life expectancy Access to clean water Calorie intake Birth & Death rates Infant mortality rate Human Development Index (HDI)

5. Types of measurement QUALITATIVE INDICATORS: Describe development rather than measure.e.g. Security, freedom, corruption. COMPOSITE INDICATORS: Combine several other factors in one single figure E.g. HDI & HPI. QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS: Numbers rather than descriptions GDP per Capita.

6. Employment Structures Employment structure: % of workers employed in Primary/Secondary/Tertiary sectors. – Primary Sector : Extracting raw materials/resources (fishing, mining, farming etc). – Secondary Sector: Manufacturing & construction – Tertiary Sector : Service provision (police, teachers). LEDCs typically have dominant primary sector, NICs have large secondary sectors & MEDCs tend to have large tertiary sectors. LED