2. Students’ active participation in problem- solving and critical thinking regarding a learning activity which they find relevant and engaging.

4. Brainner (1999) develops her idea of CONTRUCTIVISM from an educational perspective. She says that constructivist reject the realist view of epistemology because it sees knowledge as a passive reflection of the external, objective, reality and implies a process of “instruction”: The subject receives information from the environment, it is “instructed”

5. “Father” of constructivism, is Ernst von Glasersfeld. A constructivist approach to education is best put into practice by presenting issues, concepts and tasks in the form of problems to be explored in dialogue rather than as information to be ingested and reproduced.

6. A constructivist view of teaching Constructivism cannot tell teachers new things to do, it may suggest attitudes and procedures are counter-productive, opportunities for teachers to use their own spontaneous imagination.