1. Physical vs. Chemical Properties
The Study of Matter

2. What is Matter? Anything that has mass and volume
Mass  the amount of matter in something
Volume  the amount of space something takes up
Matter
Not Matter
Ice cream
Seawater
Air
Other examples?
Energy
Light
Heat
Other examples?

3. What is a Property?
A characteristic of a substance that can be observed
Physical Property
Chemical Property
Can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Examples
Luster
Melting and Boiling points
Malleability
Ductility
Phase of matter (solid, liquid, gas)
Density
Solubility
Odor
Can ONLY be observed by changing the identity of the substance
Examples
Flammability
Combustibility
Toxicity pH
Reactivity with water, air, acids, etc.
Ability to rust

4. Why are Properties Important?
Knowing the properties of a substance allows you to
Identify unknown and/or related substances
Make predictions about how one substance will react with another
Identifying Properties
Non Identifying Properties
Can ID a substance because the property is unique to that substance
Examples
Melting & boiling point
Density
Solubility
Conductivity
Magnetism
All chemical properties
Cannot ID a substance because the property belongs to several substances
Examples
Odor (smell)
Color
Phase of Matter
Volume
Mass
Note: You can combine characteristics of several these properties to identify a substance

5. Identifying Physical Properties
Melting point  the temperature when a solid changes to a liquid
Examples:
Water  0C or 32F
Hydrogen  -259C
Boiling point  the temperature when a liquid changes to a gas
Examples
Water  100C or 212F
Hydrogen  -252C

6. Identifying Physical Properties
Malleability  the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet
Examples:
Gold
Silver
Aluminum
Ductility the ability to be stretched into a thin wire
Examples:
Gold
Copper
Aluminum
iron

7. Identifying Physical Properties
Density the amount of mass per unit volume
In simple English  how compact a material is
Common Densities
Liquid water  1.0 g/mL
Ice  0.92 g/mL
Gasoline  0.70 g/mL
Gold  19.3 g/mL
Hydrogen  g/mL
Mercury  13.6 g/mL (add this to your notes)
How to Calculate Density
D = m ÷ v
D= density (units are g/mL)
m = mass (in g)
v = volume (in mL)

8. Identifying Physical Properties
Solubility  the ability of one substance to dissolve in another
3 related terms
Solution  mixture formed by a solute and a solvent
Solute  the substance being dissolved
Solvent  the substance doing the dissolving

9. Identifying Physical Properties
Solution
Solute
Solvent
Kool-aid
Sweet tea
Seawater

10. Identifying Physical Properties
Magnetism  a force coming from one object that attracts or repels another object
Examples of magnetic materials:
Iron
Nickle
Lodestone (mineral)
Conductivity  how well a material conducts heat or electricity
Materials with high conductivity:
Iron
Water
Copper
Materials with low conductivity:
Sulfur
Oxygen
Plastics

11. Identifying Chemical Properties
Combustibility  how easily a substance catches fire
pH  measure of how acidic or basic a substance is

12. Identifying Chemical Properties
Reactivity  how well one substance reacts with another
Important reactions to know
Air
Water
Acid
Base

13. Identifying Chemical Properties
Ability to Rust  when a substance, usually iron (a metal), reacts with oxygen to produce rust. The iron and oxygen in the air react with water to form iron oxide.