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Chapter 11 Review Civil Rights
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14 th Amendment Forbids any state to “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” Sex, race, ethnicity, age, disability, sexual preference
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Civil Rights History African Americans Jim Crow Laws – segregated community de jure (by law) and de facto (by reality) Plessy v. Ferguson – separate but equal NAACP – 20 th century push for rights Brown v. Board of Education – “separate but equal” unconstitutional Civil Rights Act of 1964, 24 th Amendment (poll tax), Voting Rights Act 1965
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Civil Rights History Latino/Latina Rights 37 million in US (about 10 million in 1980) Mexican – 15million-rights issues include Bilingual education programs, immigration Puerto Rican – 2.7 million-PR is a commonwealth of US, citizens can move freely back and forth, not represented in Congress, don’t have to pay federal tax
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Civil Rights History Native Americans 2 million people live on “reservations” Push for more sovereignty on their land Ex. – gambling operation rights Art. 1, Sec. 8 – commerce clause give Congress right to regulate Indian tribes
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Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Public accommodations Barred discrimination Schools Gov can force desegregation though litigation Employment Federal Funds
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Civil Rights History Asian American 8 million in US, 40% of immigrants Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 – lasted through WWII WWII – Japanese racism – internment Korematsu v. US (1944) 1980s reparations for internment
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Women and Equal Rights Seneca Falls Convention – 1848 – beginning of women’s suffrage movement Muller v. Oregon (1908) – 10 hour work day limit for women 19 th Amendment – 1920 – Women vote 1970s – “reasonableness standard” – all legal circumstance must be treated equal Ex. Cannot set different age limits for driving, but can set laws on rape that punish man only
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Rights for Disabled Americans 17% of Americans have a disability Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - illegal to discriminate based on disability Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 – gave all handicapped children free education Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 – protect disabled rights – SC has somewhat limited this act
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