1. War of the Fourth Coalition

2. Fourth Coalition
Britain
Russia
Austria
Prussia

3. Battle of Leipzig “Battle of Nations” October 1813
Napoleon was finally defeated
Lost 500,000 of 600,000 Grand Army
Largest battle in world history until 20th century

4. Refusal
Napoleon refused to accept terms of Austrian foreign minster, “Frankfurt Proposals” to reduce France to its historical size in return for his remaining on the throne

5. Quadruple Alliance March 1814
Each power (Fourth Coalition) agreed to provide 150,000 soldiers to enforce peace terms
Napoleon abdicated as emperor on April 4, 1814
Bourbons were restored to throne (Louis XVIII)

6. “First” Treaty of Paris
May 30, 1814
France surrendered all territory gained since the Wars of the Revolution began in 1792
Allied powers imposed no reparations

7. Exiled
Napoleon exiled to the island of Elba as a sovereign with an income from France
Quadruple Alliance agreed to meet in Vienna to work out a general peace settlement

8. Congress of Vienna Sept 1814 – June 1815 Big Four Britain Austria
Sought balance of power by surrounding France with larger and stronger states
Austria
Did not want many changes to French gov’t
Russia
Demanded “free” and “independent” Poland, with him as ruler
Prussia
Recover lost territory and gain part of northern Germany

9. Principles Legitimacy Compensation
Return to power of the ruling family
Bourbons restored in France, Spain, and Naples
Papal States returned to Pope
Compensation
Territorially rewarding those states that fought
England received naval bases
Austria gained parts of Italy and Poland
Russia given most of Poland and Finland
Prussia rewarded Rhineland
Sweden received Norway

10. Principles Balance of Power
Arranged to map of Europe so that never again could one state upset the international order and cause a general war
Encirclement of France achieved
End of Hapsburg Holy Roman Empire
Only Britain remained as a growing power and began their century of world leadership from