1. Superconducting Cobaltites Nick Vence

2. Definition A material which looses its electrical resistivity below a certain temperature (Tc)is said to be superconducting

3. History LeadTc=7K Aluminum Tc=1K UraniumTc=0.2K TungstenTc=0.02K CarbonTc=0K SWCNTTc=15K MWCNTTc=12K K

4. Magnetism Ferromagnetism is the strongest because of the aligned dipoles Antiferromagnetism has antiparallel spin ordering and has no net magnetic field Paramagnetism is exhibited when a magnetic field aligns all the orbitals in a sample causing it to be magnetic. These materials have a positive magnetic susceptibility Diamagnetism happens when a material cancels an applied magnetic field through surface currents. It is said to have a negative magnetic susceptibility

5. Basic Theory The Meisner Effect Breaking the Meisner Effect Not are SC are broken equally

6. Type II Superconductors (Hg0.8Tl0.2)Ba2Ca2Cu3O8.33Tc=138K Record holder w/o pressure InSnBa4Tm4Cu6O18+Tc=150K Patent Pending Sept. 2005 MgB2(Used in industry)Tc = 39 Jc = 10^6 A/cm^2 (Critical current density) Na0.35 CoO2 1.3H2OTc = 5K L

7. Where we are The Highest Temperature SC are Cuperates Since a theory isn’t established for type II superconductors, we need more experimental help “Help” comes in the form materials which have novel features to compare and contrast Let’s understand the cuperates first

8. Cuperates Copper Oxide makes a 2D square lattice Which has anisotropic resistivity YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (like many cuperates) has an odd number of electrons per unit cell--thus doping is necessary Doping induces an antiferromagnetic spin ordering on the square planar lattice This causes Cu to loose its magnetic moment which hinders Cooper Pairs propogation

9. Cobaltites Nax CoO2 yH2O x=0.35 y=1.3 (NCO) also has antiferromagetic ordering Cobaltites are the only other type II SC compound to share the metal oxide planar structure of the cuperates Has a triangular metal oxide lattice which can lead to a spin frustrated system Which has anisotropic resistivity with extra-planar resistivity ~1000 x planar resistivity H

10. Dimensionality of Na x CoO 2 yH 2 O y=0 doesn’t exhibit SC y=0.6 doexn’t exhibit SC The distance between CoO2 planes doubles from y=0 to y=1.3 H

11. Spin lattice relaxation rates suggest 2D antiferromagnetic ordering resembles SC cuperates suggests non s-wave SC J

12. Low temperature magnetic states Spin waves Spin density waves Disordered/frustrated antiferromagnetism G

13. Difficulties Sample preparation is difficult Sample is sensitive to both temperature and humidity at “ambient conditions”

14. Rabbits to chase Spin density waves in NCO The spin density wave transition temperature vs doping fraction graph exhibits the same “dome shaped” behavior as Tc vs doping concentration The interplanar coupling mechanism is critical our understanding Spin-glass regions G F Q

15. More Rabbits How might are p-wave and d-wave effect SC? Why doesn’t BCS theory work for type II SC? or does it? How might a low T magnetic state (or spin system) effect SC? What role do vortex currents play in type II SC? Possible Resonating Valance Bond candidate L O O