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Published byMadlyn Montgomery Modified over 9 years ago
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Joints Articulations, or joints, perform 2 functions: Hold bones together Allow rigid skeletal system flexibility for movement Can be classified structurally or functionally Structural Categories: Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial Functional Categories: Synarthroses Amphiarthroses Diarthroses
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Synarthroses Joints Immovable joints Connected by Sutures (bones interlock) Syndesmoses (bones connected by ligaments) Examples: skull, teeth (gomphosis)
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Amphiarthroses Slightly movable joints Primarily Symphyses: bones connected by flat disc (fibrocartilage) Synchondroses: bones connected by hyaline cartilage
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Diarthroses Freely Movable joints All synovial joints are diarthroses Ball & Socket Ball shaped head of 1 bone fits cuplike depression of another bone Ex.: shoulder, hip joints
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Diarthrotic Joints Plane/Gliding Joint Allow sliding movements in 1-2 planes Ex.: intercarpal/intertarsal joints; vertebrocostal joints Hinge Joint Convex of 1 bone fits concave surface of another bone Ex.: elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints Saddle Joint Articulating surfaces are convex & concave Thumb joint Pivot Joint Round/conical surface of 1 bone articulates with shallow depression in another bone Allow uniaxial rotation Ex.: Atlas/Axis Joint Condyloid Joint Oval condyle of 1 bone fits ellipsoidal depression in another bone Allows biaxial movement Ex.: wrist joint, metacarpalphalangeal joint
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Joints of the Upper Extremity Shoulder Joint Glenohumeral Joint Sternoclavicular Joint Acromioclavicular Joint Elbow Joint Radiohumeral joint Humeroulnar Joint Radioulnar Joint (x2: Proximal & Distal) Wrist Radiocarpal joint Intercarpal joints Carpalmetacarpal joints Hand Intermetacarpal joints Metacarpalphalangeal joints Interphalangeal joints
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Joints of the Lower Extremity Sacroiliac Joint Coxal (hip) Joint Patellofemoral Joint Tibiofemoral Joint Tibiofibular Joint (x2: Proximal & Distal) Ankle/Foot Talocrural Joint Subtalar Joint Intertarsal Joints Tarsometatarsal Joint Intermetatarsal Joints Metatarsophalangeal Joints Interphalangeal Joints
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