1. Nandina Nandina domestica (Thunb) Berberidaceae

2. Biology Introduced from China and Japan in early 1800’sIntroduced from China and Japan in early 1800’s Also called heavenly bambooAlso called heavenly bamboo Evergreen to semi-evergreen shrubEvergreen to semi-evergreen shrub Visually similar to bambooVisually similar to bamboo

3. Background Economic Uses Cultivated as an ornamentalCultivated as an ornamental Attractive foliage, flowers and fruitAttractive foliage, flowers and fruit

4. Distribution Found in isolated areas of north and central FloridaFound in isolated areas of north and central Florida Found along roadways and disturbed areas, forest edges, waterwaysFound along roadways and disturbed areas, forest edges, waterways –Generally as a direct escape from cultivation Also found in certain conservation areas, woodlands and floodplainsAlso found in certain conservation areas, woodlands and floodplains

5. Nandina Distribution in Florida

6. Impacts Category 1 invasive species (FLEPPC)Category 1 invasive species (FLEPPC) –Limited spread into undisturbed sites Available for sale in the nursery trade, newer hybridized cultivars do not produce seedAvailable for sale in the nursery trade, newer hybridized cultivars do not produce seed Spread by wildlife, vegetatively through suckers and rhizomesSpread by wildlife, vegetatively through suckers and rhizomes Forms dense thickets, displaces native vegetationForms dense thickets, displaces native vegetation

7. Identification

8. Mature Plant Evergreen shrub, grows 4 to 8 feet tallEvergreen shrub, grows 4 to 8 feet tall Inner bark is yellowInner bark is yellow Spreads vegetatively through root suckersSpreads vegetatively through root suckers

9. Leaves Leaves are tri- pinnately compoundLeaves are tri- pinnately compound Alternately arrangedAlternately arranged Reddish bronze, turning green, then returning to reddish color in fallReddish bronze, turning green, then returning to reddish color in fall

10. Flowers and Fruit Flowers are white, borne in paniclesFlowers are white, borne in panicles Fruit are round berries, red and persist on the plant until consumedFruit are round berries, red and persist on the plant until consumed

11. Management PreventativeCulturalMechanicalBiologicalChemical

12. Preventative 1.Limit planting as an ornamental, especially the non-hybridized cultivars 2.Remove existing plants, including rootstocks and before seeds are produced 3.Rouge out plants in abandoned areas

13. Cultural 1.Alternative landscape plants to replace nandina 2.Programs to educate homeowners about the problems associated with nandina and proper identification 3.Maintain good ground cover and mixture of plant species to reduce establishment

14. Biological 1.There are no known biological control agents available for nandina management in Florida or the southeastern U.S.

15. Mechanical 1.Hand pull young seedlings, including all roots, repeated pulling for resprouts 2.Cut plant down at ground level, but will resprout and require re-cutting 3.Mowing is effective on small bushes and resprouts, but must be repeated

16. Chemical - Foliar 1.Over-the-top applications for seedlings, resprouts and small plants 2.Thoroughly wet leaves with herbicide Triclopyr – 2% solution Triclopyr – 2% solution Glyphosate – 2 to 3% solution Glyphosate – 2 to 3% solution Use surfactant at 0.25% Use surfactant at 0.25% 3.Best results applied before fruiting

18. Useful Links Floridata Homepage: http://www.floridata.comhttp://www.floridata.com University of Florida Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants: http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html University of Florida’s Cooperative Extension Electronic Data Information Source: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/index.html http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/index.html

19. Useful Links The Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group. Weeds Gone Wild: Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas: http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/index.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/index.htm Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems: http://www.hear.org/pier/threats.htm http://www.hear.org/pier/threats.htm Invasive Plants of the Eastern United States: http://www.invasive.orghttp://www.invasive.org USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plants Database: http://plants.usda.gov http://plants.usda.gov

20. Literature Cited Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of Non- Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 pp