1. NYU Medical Grand Rounds Clinical Vignette Jeremy R. Beitler MD, PGY-2 December 16, 2009 U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

2. A 66-year-old man presents complaining of substernal chest and epigastric pain for thirty minutes. Chief Complaint U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

3. History of Present Illness U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS The patient was in his usual state of good health until thirty minutes prior to presentation in the emergency room. He reported a previously unlimited exercise tolerance. He denied having previous episodes of chest pain.

4. History of Present Illness U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS Thirty minutes prior to presentation, the patient noted the sudden onset of non-radiating substernal chest pressure while climbing a flight of stairs. The pain did not resolve with rest. The chest pain was associated with dyspnea, diaphoresis, epigastric discomfort and a single episode of vomiting. EMS was called. Aspirin 162mg was administered and the patient was brought to the Bellevue Hospital Emergency Room.

5. Additional History U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS Past Medical History Hypercholesterolemia Past Surgical History Appendectomy Family History Mother: Diabetes mellitus Father: Emphysema Social History Lifetime non-smoker Denies alcohol use Denies illicit drug use

6. Outpatient Medications U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS Aspirin 81mg Daily Simvastatin 40mg QHS No known allergies

7. Physical Examination U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS General: Slightly pale and diaphoretic man in mild distress Vitals: T 97.0F, BP 134/92, HR 55, RR 22 O 2 saturation: 99% on room air Cardiac: Non-displaced point of maximal impulse, no murmurs or rubs, no elevation of jugular venous pressure, 2+ distal pulses Pulmonary: Clear to auscultation Abdominal: Mild epigastric tenderness The remainder of the physical exam was normal.

8. Initial Studies U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS CBC: Within normal limits Basic Metabolic Panel: Within normal limits Hepatic Panel: Within normal limits Troponin-I: 0.128 ug/dL (< 0.059 ug/dL) CXR: Within normal limits

9. Electrocardiogram U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

10. Working Diagnosis U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

11. U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS Hospital Course Fifteen minutes after arriving in the emergency room, the patient’s blood pressure fell to 80/30 mmHg. A 1 Liter bolus of normal saline was administered with return of a normal blood pressure. Due to the transient hypotension, the cardiology consult service was called to evaluate the patient. At the time of the cardiology consultant’s examination, the patient had developed diffuse bilateral rales. The ECG was interpreted as extensive anterior infarction with ongoing ischemia. The ST-elevation myocardial infarction team activated, and Clopidogrel 600mg and Atorvastatin 80mg were administered.

12. Hospital Course U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS The patient was taken emergently to the cardiac catheterization laboratory where diagnostic angiography demonstrated: Total occlusion of the proximal LAD with angiographic features consistent with acute thrombus 90% stenosis of the mid RCA During the procedure, the patient developed ventricular fibrillation. He was successfully defibrillated and maintained on lidocaine. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed on the proximal LAD lesion with deployment of a drug-eluting stent. Door-to-Balloon Time: 70 Minutes

13. Hospital Course U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS The patient was admitted to the coronary care unit for observation and initiation of optimal medical therapy. Troponin measurements peaked at levels greater than 50 ug/dL. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated an LVEF of 33% with severe hypokinesis of the intraventricular septum, anterior walls and apical regions.

14. U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS Final Diagnosis Acute Transmural Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction