1. Click to edit Master title style Cultural Anthropology, 7E Chapter 5 – Patterns of Family Relations © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

2. Click to edit Master title style What do we need to know before we can understand the dynamics of family life in other societies? Problem 5 © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

3. Click to edit Master title style Soap Operas and Family Relations Brazilians are fanatical soap opera watchers, but the characters, situations and plots are different from those on American television, and these differences reveal differences in family structure and dynamics. The focus in Brazilian soap operas tends to be on the family of orientation (father, mother, self, and siblings) rather than on the family of procreation (husband, wife, and their children). Introduction © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

4. Click to edit Master title style 5.1 What is the composition of the typical American family group? 5.2 How are families formed and idea family types maintained? 5.3 What are the roles of sexuality, love, and wealth? 5.4 What threatens to disrupt the family unit? Questions © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

5. Click to edit Master title style While Americans give equal recognition to people's ties to their mothers or their fathers (bilaterally), other societies place greater emphasis on ties to one parent or the other. For most Americans, the most important family grouping is the nuclear family (father, mother & biological or adopted children). Societies that emphasize persons' ties to their mother have matrilineal kinship systems. Those that emphasize ties to the father have patrilineal kinship systems. 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

6. Click to edit Master title style 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

7. Click to edit Master title style Key: In the following slides, various symbols are used to signify family relationships. 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

8. Click to edit Master title style The Family Composition of the Ju/wasi 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

9. Click to edit Master title style The Family Composition of the Ju/wasi (cont.) 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

10. Click to edit Master title style The Family Composition of the Ju/wasi (cont.) 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

11. Click to edit Master title style The Family Composition of the Ju/wasi (cont.) 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

12. Click to edit Master title style The Family Composition of the Trobriand Islanders 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

13. Click to edit Master title style The Family Composition of the Trobriand Islanders (cont.) 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

14. Click to edit Master title style The Family Composition of the Trobriand Islanders (cont.) 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

15. Click to edit Master title style The Family Composition of the Chinese 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

16. Click to edit Master title style The Family Composition of the Chinese (cont.) 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

17. Click to edit Master title style The Family Composition of the Chinese (cont.) 5.1 What is the Composition of the Typical Family Group? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

18. Click to edit Master title style Regardless of the size of family units or descent systems, in virtually all societies families require the socially recognized union of a male and female. Generally this takes the form of marriage, a publicly recognized joining of two people or two families. But while marriage makes or sustains families, the manner in which such an arrangement comes about varies significantly in different societies. Like people in virtually all societies, Americans are prohibited by the incest taboo from marrying certain categories of kin. 5.2 How Are Families Formed and Ideal Family Types Maintained? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

19. Click to edit Master title style The Family Cycle of the Ju/wasi In the Ju/wasi culture, most marriages are arranged by the couple’s parents, and the bride to be frequently objects to the chosen spouse or to the prospect of marriage itself. 5.2 How Are Families Formed and Ideal Family Types Maintained? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

20. Click to edit Master title style The Family Cycle of the Trobriand Islanders Lineage is traced through the mother, and people must marry outside their own clan. Here, a Trobriand chief on Kiriwina Island is shown with family members at the home of one of his two wives. 5.2 How Are Families Formed and Ideal Family Types Maintained? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

21. Click to edit Master title style The Family Cycle of the Chinese In a traditional Chinese marriage, the parents of the husband select a wife to be a childbearer. It is thought of as parents choosing a daughter-in-law, not as a son choosing a wife. 5.2 How Are Families Formed and Ideal Family Types Maintained? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

22. Click to edit Master title style Sex, Love, and Wealth Among the Ju/wasi Wealth plays virtually no part in the lives of the Ju/wasi, but for women, sex, love, & beauty are very important. A Ju/wasi woman’s sexuality is her major means of negotiating the conditions of her relationships. By taking lovers, a Ju/wasi woman proclaims her control over her social life because she can offer her sexuality to men as a means of vitalizing them. But men see them as sources of male conflict and potentially dangerous. 5.3 What Are the Roles of Sexuality, Love, and Wealth? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

23. Click to edit Master title style Sex, Love, and Wealth Among the Trobriand Islanders An unmarried woman uses her sexuality to negotiate her relationships with others. Sexuality is important only prior to the marriage; once married, she emphasizes her fertility and motherhood. Physical attractiveness is important for Trobriander men, as it attracts lovers and later a wife, to collect the yams by which a man measures his status. A man who wants to marry must use the wealth of members of his matrilineage as bridewealth payments to his wife’s family. 5.3 What Are the Roles of Sexuality, Love, and Wealth? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

24. Click to edit Master title style Sex, Love, and Wealth Among the Chinese In China, If a girl comes from a family that is influential and wealthy enough to make an attractive match for her, she will have little to do with boys. Virginity is valued and necessary for a Chinese bride. If a girl has been mixed up in an affair, her only chance of marriage is to someone in a distant village. A wife’s function is to produce children. Sexuality figures very little in the life of a Chinese woman either before or after her marriage. 5.3 What Are the Roles of Sexuality, Love, and Wealth? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

25. Click to edit Master title style Threats to the Ju/wasi Family The major threat to family stability among the Ju/wasi is conflict between husband and wife over infidelity or the efforts of a husband to secure a second wife. Like many societies around the world, the Ju/wasi allow polygamy. Men are allowed to have more than one wife (polygyny), and women are permitted to have more than one husband (polyandry), though this is rare. Extramarital affairs are threatening to a husband, and are the most common cause of conflict and violence among the Ju/wasi. 5.4 What Threatens to Disrupt the Family Unity? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

26. Click to edit Master title style Threats to the Trobriand Island Family Among the Trobriand Islanders, it is not threats to the husband–wife relationship that are critical but threats to the matrilineage. Because the matrilineage is the major social unit, the honor of that family group relative to other groups is a central concern to all members. Lineages among the Trobriand Islanders are ranked according to the closeness of their genealogical connection to the founders of the lineage. Each lineage must be able to maintain its position through the ceremonial presentation of valuables, particularly yams and banana-leaf bundles. 5.4 What Threatens to Disrupt the Family Unity? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

27. Click to edit Master title style Threats to the Chinese Family The biggest threat to the traditional rural Chinese family is the absence of a son. The lack of a son endangers the continuance of a household and the entire patrilineage through time. A man without sons, a spirit without descendants, has no one to offer incense for him and no altar for his spirit to find refuge. The male head of household may divide his property among his offspring (partible inheritance), or may leave all to another descendant (impartible inheritance). 5.4 What Threatens to Disrupt the Family Unity? © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

28. Click to edit Master title style In spite of the information about preventing HIV/AIDS that is available from schools, doctors, public health clinics, and elsewhere, cultural factors often prevent people from applying what they learn to their own situations. Case Study: Combating HIV/AIDS © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

29. Click to edit Master title style Hector Carrillo’s research in Mexico sought to discover cultural factors that inhibited condom use. Case Study: Combating HIV/AIDS © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

30. Click to edit Master title style Problems Drawing Up an HIV/AIDS Prevention Program Sexual Silence Power Relations Trust and Fidelity Sex and Love Case Study: Combating HIV/AIDS © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

31. Click to edit Master title style What kind of belief about reproduction would deny the importance of the male? Of the female? How does this compare with the biological roles of men and women in American society? Discussion Question: © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.