2. 1 THE NEURAL TISSUE MARTINI, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, 9 TH EDITION, CHAPTER # 12 LAB MANUAL, Exercise # 18 Page # 225 THE NEURAL TISSUE MARTINI, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, 9 TH EDITION, CHAPTER # 12 LAB MANUAL, Exercise # 18 Page # 225

3. 2/12/20162 NOTE: THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW.THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW. THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS /THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS / QUIZZES. QUIZZES. STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUSSTUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS

4. Competency 6: The Nervous System Upon successful completion of this laboratory, the students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the structural and functional features of the nervous system including the special sense organs by:Upon successful completion of this laboratory, the students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the structural and functional features of the nervous system including the special sense organs by: – Identifying the parts of a neuron. – Explaining the structural and functional classification of the neurons. 2/12/20163

5. Competency 6: The Nervous System –Describing the structure and functions of the supporting cells of the nervous system. – Distinguishing between neuron, nerve and track. – Explaining the structure and functions of the central nervous system and the cranial nerves. 2/12/20164

6. 5 NEURAL TISSUE NEURON STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS BY CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS BY STRUCTURE STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS BY CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS BY FUNCTION FUNCTION SCHWANN CELLS SCHWANN CELLS GREY MATTER GREY MATTER WHITE MATTER WHITE MATTER

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9. 2/12/20168 NEURON STRUCTURE NEURON STRUCTURE CELL BODY (SOMA)CELL BODY (SOMA) NEUROFIBRILS (Black or brown lines in model)NEUROFIBRILS (Black or brown lines in model) F- intracellular transport F- intracellular transport NISSIL BODIES- Blue in one model & blue with red dots in another modelNISSIL BODIES- Blue in one model & blue with red dots in another model F- protein synthesis F- protein synthesis DENDRITES- They are short citoplasmaticDENDRITES- They are short citoplasmatic projections from cell bodies projections from cell bodies F- to receive the nerve impulse or signal F- to receive the nerve impulse or signal AXON- It is a citoplasmatic projection from theAXON- It is a citoplasmatic projection from the cell body cell body F-to carry away the nerve impulse or signal F-to carry away the nerve impulse or signal

10. 2/12/20169 AXON HILLOCK- The place where the AXON HILLOCK- The place where the the neurofibrils converge the neurofibrils converge F- trigger zone for nerve impulse F- trigger zone for nerve impulse AXON TERMINALS- End part of the neuron AXON TERMINALS- End part of the neuron that connects with another neuron that connects with another neuron F- to release the neurotransmiter F- to release the neurotransmiter

11. (a) (b) Nucleus Golgi apparatus Dendrite Mitochondrion Axon hillock Initial segment of axon Nucleolus Dendritic spines Nissl bodies (RER and free ribosomes) Neurofilament Telodendria Synaptic terminals POSTSYNAPTIC CELLPRESYNAPTIC CELL Axon Axolemma Dendrites Axon Telodendria Nucleus Perikaryon Cell body Regions of a neuron Structural components of a neuron See Figure 12-2

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14. 2/12/201613 NEURONS BY STRUCTURE ANAXONICANAXONIC BIPOLARBIPOLAR UNIPOLARUNIPOLAR MULTIPOLARMULTIPOLAR

15. Figure 12-3: A Structural Classification of Neurons Dendrites Axon Synaptic terminals Synaptic terminals Synaptic terminals Initial segment Bipolar neuron Unipolar neuron Multipolar neuron Anaxonic neuron

16. 2/12/201615 They surround the axonSCHWANN CELLS- They surround the axon f- to produce the myelin sheath f- to produce the myelin sheath Layers of cell membrane thatMYELIN SHEATH- Layers of cell membrane that surround the axon (yellow in the models surround the axon (yellow in the models f- to isolate the axon f- to isolate the axon - outermost layer with nucleusNeurilemma- outermost layer with nucleus of the Schwann cell of the Schwann cell area between two Schwann cellsNODES OF Ranvier- area between two Schwann cells f- to produce saltatory conduction f- to produce saltatory conduction (jumping conduction), to increase the (jumping conduction), to increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission speed of nerve impulse transmission

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19. 2/12/201618 NEURONS BY FUNCTIONS SENSORY ( Afferent)- it carries iformationSENSORY ( Afferent)- it carries iformation towards the cns (central nervous system) towards the cns (central nervous system) MOTOR ( EFFERENT)- It carries informationMOTOR ( EFFERENT)- It carries information away from cns away from cns ASSOCIATION NEURONES OR INTERNEURONS-ASSOCIATION NEURONES OR INTERNEURONS- They carry impulses between They carry impulses between sensory & motor neurons located at cns sensory & motor neurons located at cns

20. Anatomy of a Spinal Nerve 2/12/2016ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.19

21. 2/12/201620 GREY MATTER- Non myelinated parts of theGREY MATTER- Non myelinated parts of the Neurons & glia (cell bodies) Neurons & glia (cell bodies) It forms nuclei in the cns It forms nuclei in the cns WHITE MATTER- Myelinated fibersWHITE MATTER- Myelinated fibers It forms tracs in the cns It forms tracs in the cns It forms nerves in pns (peripheral It forms nerves in pns (peripheral nerve system) nerve system)

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24. 2/12/2016ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.23 GRAY MATTER & WHITE MATTER (CNS)

25. 2/12/2016ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.24 WHITE MATTER (CNS) WHITE MATTER (CNS)

26. WHITE MATTER WHITE MATTER

27. 2/12/201626 REMEMBER! GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS. ROOM 3326.