1. FEED THE KIDS INC. A Company Dedicated to Solving World Hunger and Putting Food in the Mouths of All.

2. WHO ARE WE? Feed the Kids Inc. is a food distributor company that grows food and is dedicated to solving world hunger. We create food that is genetically modified in a promise to create heartier foods and higher yields that can potentially reduce poverty and malnutrition rates all over the world.

3. WHAT EXACTLY ARE GMO FOODS? GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are plants or animals created through the gene splicing techniques of genetic engineering. This experimental technology merges DNA from different species, creating combinations of plant, animal, bacterial and viral genes that cannot occur in nature or in traditional crossbreeding.

4. HOW ARE THEY MADE? To make a genetically modified organism, three main components are required: the gene you want to transfer, the organism you want to put it into, and a vector to carry the gene into the target species cells. The gene to be transferred must be cut out and isolated from the original organism. This is usually done by restriction enzymes that recognize specific sequences in the DNA and cut it at those places.

5. The trans-gene is inserted into a vector that is capable of getting inside the cells of the target species. A scientist removes the portions of the virus’ genome that cause harm, but leaves the genes responsible for getting into the host cells. Then the target gene is inserted into the host cells. Once in the host cell, the genes will insert into the host’s genome. After, every time the genome is replicated and new cells are made the trans-gene will also be found the the DNA of each new cell.

6. HISTORY OF GMO'S Humans have been manipulating the genetic structures of plants since the domestication of cereal grains 10,000 years ago. They have been doing this by selectively breeding individual plants that displayed desired traits that include larger edible bits, shorter growing cycles, and many other things. Humans have slowly redesigned these organisms over the course of time

7. It wasn't until Gregor Mendel's 19th century investigation into trait inheritance by crossbreeding pea plants that modern genetic science came about. In the 1970s Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen were able to directly affect the expression of a plant's genome. This direct intervention was known as genetic engineering. It involves mutating, deleting, or adding genetic material to achieve the desired effect. Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer's experiment used techniques to cut and paste DNA to create the first custom- made organism containing recombinant DNA. They inserted the recombinant DNA molecule they created into E. coli bacteria by means of a plasmid, inducing the uptake and expression of a foreign DNA sequence known as transformation. This was the start of GMO's.

8. Many uses of genetic engineering were found to be helpful. Withstanding pests in plants and foods was one of the number of traits that was desired by farmers. It has been achieved by using transgenic modification. Since the first GMO crop was planted in 1994, researchers and agricultural corporations have created crops with resistances to diseases and herbicides. This has increased nutritional values and shelf life. As of 2013, nearly 85 percent of the nation's corn production, 91 percent of its soybeans, and 88 percent of its cotton come from genetically modified stock.

9. CURRENT USES OF GMO'S Bioremediation-uses microorganisms that ingest the contaminants in a given site and render them inert through the cells' own metabolic processes. Herbicide Tolerance- creating plants that are tolerant to herbicides. Insect Resistance- Resistance to insect pests. Virus Resistance- Resistance to plum pox virus conferred by insertion of a coat protein gene from the virus. Vitamin Enrichment- making plants that are more vitamin rich. Vaccines-creating vaccines for certain viruses. Foster Maturation- increase growth rates through growth hormones.

10. PROS OF GMO'S Creating plants better resistant to weeds, pest and other diseases. Bigger yields to create more efficient use of land, less uses of herbicides and other pesticides. Foods with better texture, flavor and nutritional value. Foods with a longer shelf life for shipping. GMO foods can create an essential sustainable way to feed the world.

11. CONS OF GMO'S Environmental damage- Often seen through GMO crossbreeding weeds that can be crossed with GMO plants can often become resistant to herbicides, creating the need for more GMO efforts. GMO foods take just as long to mature and take just as much effort to grow, meaning that there is no real economic value to growing GMO foods when compared to non-GMO foods. Studies have shown that the consumption of GMO foods increases the risks of food- based allergies in people.

12. BIOETHICAL ISSUES? The concerns regarding genetic modification deal with the possible unknown effects on human health and the environment. GMO crops could have negative effects on human health. When splicing genes between species, there are examples in which consumers have developed unexpected allergic reactions. Proteins which have never been ingested before by humans are now part of the foods that people consume every day. Their potential effects on the human body are as of yet unknown. These possibilities carry with them potential negative effects such as the creation of antibiotic and vaccine-resistant strains of diseases. The greatest danger lies not in the effects that we have studied, but in those which we have not seen. Genes may escape and find their way into other members of the species or other species. There is the potential that allergy-producing genes will be inserted into unrelated foodstuffs. DESPITE ALL OF THESE THINGS, GMO CAN HELP WITH NUTRITIONAL NEEDS AND PROVIDE MORE FOOD FOR MORE PEOPLE.

13. CASE STUDY BY DAVID DAWE AND LAURIAN UNNEVEHR CASE STUDY BY DAVID DAWE AND LAURIAN UNNEVEHR Golden Rice in Asia with Enhanced Vitamin A Golden Rice is a genetically modified crop that is made to provide beta-carotene in the rice grain. It could potentially address widespread Vitamin A deficiency in poor countries where rice is a sufficient. Additional nutrients that are lacking from the diets of many people in developing countries can be introduced through GM crops. Golden Rice, which has been modified to have enhanced levels of ß-carotene, helps to prevent vitamin A deficiency. 14 million children under five suffer from this deficiency, which can cause childhood blindness.

16. SOURCES http://gizmodo.com/what-are-gmo-foods-and-are-they-okay-to-eat-1524547249 http://www.nongmoproject.org/learn-more/what-is-gmo/ http://www.hudsonalpha.org/education/kits/gmod/gmos-made http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/sites/default/files/GM%20Crops%20short%20version%20FINAL.pdf http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetically-modified-organisms-gmos-transgenic-crops-and-732 http://classes.soe.ucsc.edu/cmpe080e/Spring05/projects/gmo/benefits.htm http://healthresearchfunding.org/pros-cons-genetically-modified-foods/http://www.macalester.edu/~montgomery/GMOs2.htm http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/medical/conference/presentations/genetically-modified-foods.html

17. http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/me dical/conference/presentations/genetically-modified- foods.html http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/me dical/conference/presentations/genetically-modified- foods.html http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/gm-crops- developing-countries/gm-crops-developing- countries-possible-benefits-gm-crops-developing-co http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/gm-crops- developing-countries/gm-crops-developing- countries-possible-benefits-gm-crops-developing-co http://www.agbioforum.org/v10n3/v10n3a04- unnevehr.htm http://www.agbioforum.org/v10n3/v10n3a04- unnevehr.htm