1. Stanford VLF Remote Sensing Science, Engineering, Educational outreach Morris Cohen Along with Phil Scherrer, Deborah Scherrer, Umran Inan, Ray Mitchell, Justin Tan Space, Telecommunications and Radioscience Laboratory Stanford University Stanford, California 94305 http://www-star.stanford.edu/~vlf/ http://sun.stanford.edu

2. 2 Stanford VLF Remote Sensing  The collaborators  Ionosphere/magnetosphere overview  Electromagnetic effects  SID Receiver  AWESOME Receiver  Educational Outreach

3. 3 The Stanford Collaborators  Phil/Deborah Scherrer  Ray Mitchell  Umran Inan  Morris Cohen  Justin Tan  Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM)

4. 4 The Ionosphere

5. 5 The Magnetosphere

6. 6 Electromagnetic Effects  Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance  Lightning  Whistler Waves  LEP and Early/Fast Events  Mesopheric lightning discharges  Sprites, elves, blue jets, TGFs

7. 7 Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance  Strong solar flares penetrate to lower ionospheric region, cause transient changes

8. 8 SID Event – an Example Quiet Day Active Day

9. 9 Lightning Detection EW NS Incident wave S Φ

10. 10 Whistlers in the Magnetosphere

11. 11 Whistler Wave – an Example

12. 12 LEP/Early Fast Events

13. 13 LEP/Early Fast – an Example

14. 14 Mesospheric Phenomenon

15. 15 Runaway Electrons

16. 16 Sprites, TGFs and Sferics Lightning induced emissions can be studied through the signature of the lightning’s sferic

17. 17 The SID Detector  Designed by Ray Mitchell  Low cost, compact, easy to use  Narrowband amplitude receiver  1 sample per 5 seconds

18. 18 The SID Detector – Overview Pre-Amp 24.8KHz Filter Signal Strength DATAQ Computer RS-232 Coax = All frequencies DC voltage Level 10 bit, Analog to Digital Conversion Sample every 5 Seconds

19. 19 SID Detector - Pictures Pre-Amp DataQ Post-Amp Wire Loop Antenna

20. 20 The AWESOME Receiver  Designed by Morris Cohen, Justin Tan  Ultra sensitive  Medium cost (~$2000)  Narrowband amplitude/phase  Broadband 100kHz data  Deployed worldwide  Auto-calibration A tmospheric W eather E ducational S ystem for O bservation and M odeling of E ffects

21. 21 AWESOME Receiver – Overview B-Field Antenna Preamp Long Cable Line Receiver Analog to Digital Computer GPS Antenna

22. 22 AWESOME Receiver – Pictures

23. 23 AWESOME Receiver – Data Data taken from Palmer Station, Antarctica

24. 24 More Data, Calibration Data taken from Homer, Alaska

25. 25 Educational Outreach  Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM)  Run by Boston University  Stanford selected for educational outreach  Distribute SID detectors widely  3 Beta sites working  Eventual goal of dozens more  Distribute selected AWESOME detectors

26. 26 Educational Outreach (con’t)  Research purpose  data sent to Stanford via internet, DVDs  Educational purposes  Monitor solar flares/VLF activity  Build antenna, maintain electronics  Participate in research campaigns  Promote in developing countries through UN?

27. 27 nQeitouss ?