1. Challenges in the 21st Century Politicisation of Islam al-Qa‘ida (al-Qaeda, “the Base”)

2. Usama ibn Ladin (Osama bin Laden, 1957-2011)

3. Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons, published 30th September 2005 Site of the Danish Embassy in Damascus, stormed and burned by protestors

4. 30th January 2006 Gunmen raid EU offices in Gaza demanding apology for cartoons Solutions? Muslim moderates need to make selves heard in media Need for both dialogue between western and Muslim governments and political will to promote peace

5. Challenges in the 21st Century Calls for Islamic reform Coming from both academics and popular intellectuals Such individuals including Modernists, Islamists and Traditionalists

6. Irshad Manji, (b. 1968) Born in Uganda, family fled to Vancouver in 1972 Worked in parliament and media The Trouble with Islam, published 2002 Criticised by extremists, conservatives and both Muslim and non-Muslim academics, praised by popular press and other academics, both Muslim and non-Muslim

7. Challenges in the 21st Century New religions born out of Islam Bahá’isBáb (Gate) ‘Ali Muhammad Shirazi (1819-50) Mirza Husayn ‘Ali Nuri, a.k.a. Bahá’u’lláh (1817-92)

8. Allahu A‘lam - God is the Most Knowing