1. Mass Incarceration and the Criminal Justice System William Skelton Post Civil War Policies Stop and Search Drug War and Mass Incarceration Leadership

2. What were some Post-Civil War Policies? Black Codes: Adopted by Southern legislatures because whites felt black people were lazy and unwilling to work

3. Post-Civil War Policies Con’t Vagrancy Laws: Made it a criminal offense not to work and were applied selectively to blacks. Often required written proof of having had a job Convict Laws: Allowed for the hiring-out of county prisoners to plantation owners and private companies These prisoners would work for little or no pay

4. What is Stop and Frisk? Terry v. Ohio, 1968: an officer observing unusual conduct by somebody the officer reasonably believes to be dangerous and engaged in criminal activity may conduct a search of that individual United States v. Brignoni-Ponce, 1975: it is permissible for the police to use race as a factor in making decisions about which motorists to stop

5. Stop and Frisk Con’t There are discrepancies regarding who is more likely to be stopped by police officers. Rates of those stopped and frisked seem to be disproportionate to the population. 5

6. How has the Drug War impacted Incarceration rates? President Reagan, War on Drugs, October 1982 African Americans are put into the prison system at disproportionate rates throughout the US

7. Drug War Con’t Drug arrests have tripled since 1980 Since the War began, 31 million people have been arrested for drug offenses.

8. Tools for Mass Incarceration The Prison Label: Once labeled as a felon, you become seen as a second class citizen. 3 strikes law: In California, a sentence of 25 years to life exists for those convicted of a third felony, no matter how minor.

9. How have leaders impacted Stop/Frisk and Mass Incarceration? Reagan Bloomberg Lawmakers

10. Overview The Drug War has lead to grossly disproportionate rates of incarceration Stop and Frisk laws have impacted who is seen as criminal Once incarcerated, even upon release, you are seen as different and have limited opportunities.