1. Cells: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

2. Cells have evolved two different architectures:
Prokaryote “style”
Eukaryote “style”

3. CELL THEORY 1. ALL CELLS COME FROM PRE- EXISTING CELLS.
2. ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ARE COMPOSED OF 1 OR MORE CELLS
3. CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT OF ALL LIVING ORGANISMS

4. Prokaryote cells are smaller and simpler
Commonly known as bacteria
Single-celled(unicellular) or
Filamentous (strings of single cells)

5. These are prokaryote
E. coli bacteria on the head of a steel pin.

6. Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)
capsule: slimy outer coating
cell wall: tougher middle layer
cell membrane: delicate inner skin

7. Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)
cytoplasm: inner liquid filling
DNA in one big loop
pilli: for sticking to things
flagella: for swimming
ribosomes: for building proteins

8. Prokaryote lifestyle unicellular: all alone colony: forms a film
filamentous: forms a chain of cells

9. Prokaryote Feeding Photosynthetic: energy from sunlight
Disease-causing: feed on living things
Decomposers: feed on dead things

10. Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicated
Have organelles
Have chromosomes
can be multicellular
include animal and plant cells

11. Unicellular Eukaryotes
AMOEBA-
FLAGELLATE-
CILLIATE-

12. UNICELLULAR VIDEO
Brain eating ameoba
Paramecium movement

13. Organelles are membrane-bound cell parts
Mini “organs” that have unique structures and functions
Located in cytoplasm

14. Cell Structures Cell membrane
delicate lipid and protein skin around cytoplasm
found in all cells
“GATE KEEPER OF CELL”

15. Nucleus
a membrane-bound sac evolved to store the cell’s chromosomes(DNA )
has pores: holes
“OFFICE OF CELL”

16. Nucleolus
inside nucleus
location of ribosome factory
made or RNA

17. makes the cell’s energy
mitochondrion
makes the cell’s energy
the more energy the cell needs, the more mitochondria it has
“BATTERY OF CELL”

18. Ribosomes
build proteins from amino acids in cytoplasm
may be free- floating, or
may be attached to ER
made of RNA

19. Endoplasmic reticulum
may be smooth: builds lipids and carbohydrates
may be rough: stores proteins made by attached ribosomes
“MANUFACTURING DEPTARMENT”

20. Golgi Complex takes in sacs of raw material from ER
sends out sacs containing finished cell products
“FED EX OF THE CELL OR POST OFFICE”

21. Lysosomes
sacs filled with digestive enzymes
digest worn out cell parts
digest food absorbed by cell
“GARBAGE TRUCK”

22. Centrioles
pair of bundled tubes
organize cell division

23. Cytoskeleton made of microtubules found throughout cytoplasm
gives shape to cell & moves organelles around inside.

24. Structures found in plant cells
Cell wall
very strong
made of cellulose
protects cell from rupturing
glued to other cells next door

25. Vacuole
huge water- filled sac
keeps cell pressurized
stores starch
“WAREHOUSE OF CELL”

26. Chloroplasts
filled with chlorophyll
turn solar energy into food energy

27. How are plant and animal cells different?

28. Structure
Animal cells
Plant cells
cell membrane
Yes
yes
nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes ER
Golgi
centrioles no
cell wall
mitochondria
cholorplasts
One big vacuole
cytoskeleton

29. Eukaryote cells can be multicellular
The whole cell can be specialized for one job
cells can work together as tissues
Tissues can work together as organs

30. Advantages of each kind of cell architecture
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
simple and easy to grow
can specialize
fast reproduction
multicellularity
all the same
can build large bodies

31. sperm cell: specialized to deliver DNA to egg cell

32. Mesophyll cell
specialize d to capture as much light as possible
inside a leaf

33. How do animal cells move?
Some can crawl with pseudopods
Some can swim with a flagellum
Some can swim very fast with cilia

34. Pseudopods means “fake feet” extensions of cell membrane
example: ameoba

35. Flagellum/flagella large whiplike tail
pushes or pulls cell through water
can be single, or a pair

36. Cilia fine, hairlike extensions attached to cell membrane
beat in unison

37. Endo = inside Symbiont = friend

38. the small prokaryotes that can do photosynthesis evolve into chloroplasts, and “pay” their host with glucose.
The smaller prokaryotes that can do aerobic respiration evolve into mitochondria, and convert the glucose into energy the cell can use.
Both the host and the symbiont benefit from the relationship