1. Ion Specific Exchange Membranes in Electrochemical Water Treatment Kyle Kryger Jim Baygents, Ph.D. Associate Dean, College of Engineering University of Arizona University of Arizona Jim Farrell, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona

2. Overview Background Background What is electrochemical water treatment? What is electrochemical water treatment? Why are ion selective membranes needed? Why are ion selective membranes needed? Methods Methods Results Results Next steps Next steps Conclusion & Questions Conclusion & Questions

3. Electrochemical Water Treatment Electrochemical Cell Feed Water Ion Exchange Column AnodeCathode

4. Electrochemical Cell H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ OH-OH- OH-OH- OH-OH- OH-OH- OH-OH- OH-OH- OH-OH- A+A+ A+A+ A+A+ A+A+ A+A+ A+A+ C-C- C-C- C-C- C-C- C-C- C-C- Creation of Creation of Acids / Bases Movement of Movement ofIons

5. Methods Selection of base membrane Selection of base membrane Polystyrene/Divinylbenzene Polystyrene/Divinylbenzene Economics Economics Mechanical Strength Mechanical Strength Functionalization Functionalization Chlorosulfonic Acid Chlorosulfonic Acid Permanent Charge Permanent Charge Image courtesy of Biotage Image courtesy of Wikipedia

6. Achievements Base Membrane Base Membrane Chemical Preparation Chemical Preparation 64% of pores filled 64% of pores filled Established Electrical contact Established Electrical contact across membrane. Functionalization Functionalization Safe Procedure Safe Procedure Positive Reaction Positive Reaction

7. Next Steps Performance of Functionalized Membrane Performance of Functionalized Membrane Diffusion of Ions / ICP Diffusion of Ions / ICP Scaling up manufacturing Process Scaling up manufacturing Process Chemical Handling Chemical Handling Large Scale Production Large Scale Production Implementation Implementation Impact Impact

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