1. Chapter 3

2. Matter Definition: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Chemistry is the study of matter.

3. Substance (a.k.a. Pure Substance) Definition: A substance is matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition. Examples: table salt, water Non-examples: seawater Every substance has its own unique set of physical and chemical properties

4. Properties of Copper

5. Properties of Copper (Table 3-2 on page 57) Physical PropertiesChemical Properties reddish brown, shiny easily shaped into sheets (malleable) and drawn into wires (ductile) good conductor of heat and electricity density = 8.92 g/cm 3 melting point = 1085 degrees Celsius boiling point = 2570 degrees Celsius forms green copper carbonate compound when in contact with moist air forms new substances when combined with nitric acid and sulfuric acid forms a deep blue solutions when in contact with ammonia

6. Properties of Matter Physical PropertiesChemical Properties Can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance The ability of a substance to change in composition Density, color, odor, taste, hardness, melting point, boiling point Rusting, burning, changing color, forming a new substance Extensive Property – dependent upon the amount of substance present. For example: mass, length, volume Intensive Property – independent of the amount of substance present. For example: density, appearance

7. States of Matter Solids LiquidsGases

8. States of Matter Solids Fixed shape and volume Tightly packed particles Cannot be compressed Liquids Fixed volume; takes the shape of its container Loosely packed particles that can move past one another, allowing liquids to flow Not easily compressed Gases Takes the shape and volume of its container Particles are far apart Easily compressed Plasma is a fourth state of matter. It is the stuff of stars and only occurs naturally on the earth in the form of lightning bolts.

9. Three States of Water

10. Changes in Matter Physical ChangesChemical Changes Appearance changes but composition of the substance remains the same One or more substances changing into a new substance Examples: Cutting a sheet of paper. Bending, grinding, crushing, melting, boiling, freezing, mixing Examples: iron rusting. Oxidizing, exploding, fermenting, corroding, tarnishing, burning, rotting

11. What happens to matter in a chemical change? the atoms of one or more substances separate and rearrange to form different substances

12. Evidence of chemical change 1) Release of energy in the form of heat or light (exothermic reaction) 2) Absorption of energy (endothermic reaction)

13. Evidence of chemical change 3) Change in Odor 4) Change in Taste 5) Change in Color

14. Evidence of chemical change 6) Appearance of bubbles (formation of a gas)

15. Evidence of chemical change 7) Appearance of a solid (precipitate forms)

16. Law of Conservation of Mass Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. It is conserved. Mass of reactants = Mass of products Example: Mercury (II) oxide yields mercury + oxygen 2 HgO  2 Hg + O 2 216 g 200 g + 16 g mass of reactant = mass of products