1. Bacteria-Host Relationships commensals opportunistic pathogens primary pathogens

2. Bacteria-Host Relationships commensals opportunistic pathogens primary pathogens

3. Genetic differences between pathogens and non-pathogens 1.Genes present in pathogens, absent in non-pathogens. 2.Genes present in non-pathogens, absent in pathogens. 3.Allelic differences in genes present in pathogens and non-pathogens. 4.Differences in regulation and expression of identical genes present in pathogens and non-pathogens.

4. Copyright ©2004 by the National Academy of Sciences Hoffmaster, Alex R. et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 8449-8454 Fig. 3. B. cereus G9241 capsule Bacillus anthracis

5. Copyright ©2004 by the National Academy of Sciences Hoffmaster, Alex R. et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 8449-8454 Fig. 2. Unrooted, neighbor-joining tree derived from multiple-locus sequence typing of B. cereus G9241 and other Bacillus spp Relationship of B. anthracis to B. cereus

6. Plasmids of B. anthracis pXO1pXO2 cya atxA pagA pagR lefcapBCA acpA ++ chromosomal spo gene - toxinscapsule

7. Copyright ©2004 by the National Academy of Sciences Hoffmaster, Alex R. et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 8449-8454 Fig. 1. (A-B) Circular representations of the plasmids of B. cereus G9241 Lethal toxin plasmid in B. cereus

10. Similarity between type III and flagellar assembly

11. Type III

12. Ruffling triggered by Shigella

13. Invasion and Spread of Shigella

14. Shigella Actin Comets

15. Shigella-mediated actin polymerization

16. Autotransporter OM Insertion and Secretion

17. Deletion of cabA enhances virulence of Shigella E. coli strains have cabA (lysine decarboxylase) Shigella strains are deleted for the cabA region cabA attenuates virulence “Black Holes”

18. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)

19. Adherence-associated phenotypes of Aa LAP strain CU1000

20. The complete tight adherence locus 13 of 14 genes are required for adherence and fibril biogenesis flp-1 rcpC tadV rcpBrcpA flp-2 tadZtadGtadFtadDtadCtadBtadAtadE

21. RcpA Flp-1 TadZ TadB TadC TadV TadA Model for the tad Type II Secretion System

25. Fibril matrix for Aa adherence

26. Adherent Aa colonies

27. Yp Pm Sm Ct Hd Ps Pa Aa Af Cc Sm pSym Ml Cl Bp At Ml Mb Mt Cd Sc Aa Pm Hd Yp

29. plasmids

30. tad Loci in Other Bacteria Caulobacter crescentus - pili Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid Pasteurella multocida - virulence Vibrio fischeri - colonization of squid light organ Vibrio vulnificus - shellfish, virulence