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Elham Aljammas 18/9/2013 Etiology of Mental disorders
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Objectives: 1.to understand the relationship between different etiological factors 2.To analyze the possible &treatable causes. 3.To define the responsibility of the family & or the community. 4.To tackle the exact area in the treatment.
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No single paradigm suffice =multifactorial Some important etiological issues in psychiatry : 1.complexity of causes 2.classification of causes 3. concept of stress 4. concept of psychological reaction
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In psychiatry the study of causation is complicated by 3 problems 1.lack of temporal association (childhood experience,adult emotional disorder ) 2.cause & effect Parental deprivation in childhood & later antisocial behavior 3. indirect mechanism(genetic predisposition) may be mediated in part through psychological factors.
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Models of aetiogical factors 1-Biological Model 2-Social Model 3-Psychological ModeL
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Aetiological factors could be divided into : 1.Predisposing factors Family history Disturbed childhood 2.Precipitating factors: Loss of jobs Physical illness Loss of loved one 3.Perpetuating factors
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Biological Models 1.Mental process are derived from operations of the brain,resulting in behavioral disturbances. 2.Gene through their protein product,have important effect on brain function & therefore exert a significant control over behavior. 3. social &behavioral effect exert their impact on the brain in part through changes in gene expression Changes in gene expression & the consequent pattern of synaptic connectivity underlie the ability of experiences such as learning &psychotherapy to change behavior.
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a.Monamine theories
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f.Genetic: Heritability estimates for for selected psychiatric disorders are : Schizophrenia 80% Major dep. 40% Bipolar disorder 80% Generalized A D 30% Panic disorders 40% Phobia 35% Alcohol problems 60%
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1-Family studies:. 60% of schizophrenic have no family history of the illness. If one parent is schizophrenic 15% of offspring develop the illness. If both parents are schizophrenic, 46% of them suffer 2-Twin studies Mz twins have 42% concordance rate Dz twins have 10% concordance 3.Adoption studies
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Pychological model
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