1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbiology B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION TORTORA FUNKE CASE Chapter 17, part B Specific Defenses of the Host: The Immune Response

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Results of Ag-Ab Binding Figure 17.9

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Antibody titer: Is the amount of Ab in serum Figure 17.10

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Monoclonal Antibodies Hybridomas are produced by fusing a cancer cell with an Ab-secreting plasma cells The hybridoma cell culture is immortal and produces monoclonal Abs (Mabs) Immunotoxins: Mabs conjugated with a toxin to target cancer cells Chimeric Mabs:Genetically modified mice that produce Ab with a human constant region Humanized Mabs: Mabs that are mostly human, except for mouse antigen-binding

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Monoclonal Antibodies Figure 17.11

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Interleukin-1Stimulates T H cells Interleukin-2Activates T H, B, T C, and NK cells Interleukin-12Differentiation of CD4 cells  -InterferonIncrease activity of macrophages ChemokinesCause leukocytes to move to an infection Immune system cells communicate via cytokines

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Specialized lymphocytes, mostly T cells, respond to intracellular Ags After differentiating in the thymus, T cells migrate to lymphoid tissue T cells differentiate into effector T cells when stimulated by an Ag Some effector T cells become memory cells Cell-Mediated Immunity

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Helper T Cells (CD4, T H ) T H 1Activate cells related to cell-mediated immunity T H 2Activate B cells to produce eosinophils, IgM, and IgE Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8, T C ) Destroy target cells with perforin T Cells

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Delayed Hypersensitivity T Cells (T D ) Associated with allergic reaction, transplant rejection, and tuberculin skin test Suppressor T cells (T S ) Turn off immune response when Ag no longer present T Cells

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Helper T Cells Figure 17.13

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity Figure 17.14

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nonspecific Cells Activated macrophages: Macrophages stimulated by ingesting Ag or by cytokines Natural killer cells: Lymphocytes that destroy virus- infected cells, tumor Figure 17.15

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings T-independent Antigens Figure 17.17 B cell

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings T-independent Antigens Figure 17.16

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Figure 17.18