2.  Postoperative care starts with the application of an adequate internal and external nose dressing.  The follow-up does not end with removal of the nose dressing.

3.  Intranasal lidocaine plus nephazoline nitrate improves surgical conditions and perioperative analgesia in septorhinoplasty surgery  a simple and efficient technique for decreasing intra- and postoperative pain and for lessening rescue analgesic requirements in the postoperative period after septorhinoplasty.

5.  Evaluation of time of nasal packing after nasal surgery: a randomized trial.  the end of the procedure, surgeons should evaluate the risk of postoperative bleeding (i.e., presence of hypertension) and decide whether 24-hour nasal packing is enough.

6. to fix the skin on the under-layer, thereby reducing dead space – to prevent hematomas and swelling – to prevent displacement by outside trauma – to prevent widening of the lateral walls by intranasal edema

9.  What  How long

10.  Prophylactic vs Postoperative Antibiotic Use in Complex Septorhinoplasty Surgery  A Prospective, Randomized, Single-blind Trial Comparing Efficacy  We recommend the use of prophylactic antibiotics rather than empirical postoperative antibiotics for patients undergoing complex septorhinoplasty

11.  A Randomized, Controlled Comparison between placebo and Steroids in the Management of Post rhinoplasty Ecchymosis and Edema  This study suggests that corticosteroids may be effective in reducing edema during the early postoperative period.

12.  raise the head of the bed when resting  or sleeping;  – apply cold compresses regularly during  the first day after operation;  – prevent blowing the nose fiercely and  when sneezing occurs, sneeze through  the mouth;  –

13.  avoid any intensive physical activity or  traumatizing sports for six weeks;  – do not wear spectacles resting on an  operated nose bridge until six weeks  after operation;  – do not drink alcohol or smoke

14.  When it subside  Persistent dark circle

15.  Hanasono triamcinolone 1 to 2 weeks after surgery., Guyuron 0.2 to 0.4 cc of 20 mcg/cc of triamcinolone in the deep subcutaneous tissue if taping fails after 6 to 8 weeks.

16. 4 Fig. 3 Fig. 3 Supratip taping.