2. Daoism, Legalism & Confucianism Three Philosophies that look at how to get people to behave and how the government should rule the people.

3. Daoism/Taoism

4. Started by a man named Lao Tsu who lived about 600 BCE Is a philosophy (way of thinking) but turned into a religion Lao Tsu believed that people needed to “go with the flow” (wu-wei) let nature take its course

5. Yin and Yang Believed everything in the universe had a life force- a yin and yang-opposites Yin-dark side- is women, moon, things that are still & death Yang-light side-is men, sun, things that move & birth Must keep the yin and the yang balanced

6. Beliefs… Wrong for people to fight Wrong for government to make rules and laws Against any kind of rules, diets, etc. Had theories regarding the body, diet, breathing and physical exercises, uses of herbs, philosophical inquiry and meditation. The Taoist feels these ideas bring a human being into closer alignment with the “natural order” of life and living

7. 3 Jewels to be sought…. Compassion- awareness of another person’s pain and wanting to relieve it Moderation- avoid extremes Humility- modest, don’t brag

8. Legalism

9. Legalism Beliefs Believed that people were bad and needed to be controlled Religion wasn’t involved Believed society needed strict laws People should be responsible for other people’s actions. Ex- neighbors and relatives should also be punished Scare people into obeying laws

10. Legalism There are 3 parts to Legalism ~fa (law) ~shi (legitimacy) ~shu (arts of the ruler)

11. Fa (law) Laws were written and made public The laws ran the state the rulers did not Laws were enforced by strict rewards and punishments

12. Shi (legitimacy) Keeping order was the first priority Anyone could rule as long as laws were in place

13. Shu-arts of the ruler Rulers should not be kind Being kind leads to failure They need to be strict otherwise people get disrespectful and lazy

14. Confucianism

15. Confucius and Society End of the Zhou Dynasty Confucius, a man, felt that China was full of rude, dishonest people He wanted people to return to having good ethics

16. Confucius's rules for Families Fathers should be role models for family Children should respect and obey their parents Families should be loyal to one another

17. Confucius’ Rules for Government Do not have strict laws Have leaders be good role models for morals and behavior King should inspire good behavior- not scare people into good behavior

18. Confucius Proverbs A man who has committed a mistake and doesn't correct it is committing another mistake. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's ignorance.

19. Confucius Teachings Confucius traveled all over teaching his ideas His teachings were put into a book called The Analects Confucianism is meant to guide behavior

20. Mission Your mission, if you choose to accept it, is to respond to the seven situations listed after this slide in three different ways. You are to give a Confucian response, Taoist response and Legalist response in complete sentences as well as explain why they would respond that way. After you complete the seven situations, create five situations of your own and write them down Ask a classmate how they would respond to each situation you create. Write down their response and what philosophy it falls under. DON’T FORGET THE HOMEWORK QUESTION ON THE LAST SLIDE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

21. Situations 1.You know that you are failing a class. If your parents find out, you will be in trouble. How do you handle this situation? 2. Your friend tries to get you to start smoking. How do you handle this situation?

22. Situations (cont.) 3. A student has just found $20 in the hall. What should they do? 4. A student's parents have just spent a lot of money on a new outfit. The student has been playing around and has gotten ink all over it. What should they tell their parents, or should they? 5. A student really likes a new student in school, but all the other students are making fun of the new student's clothes. How should the first student act?

23. Situations (cont.) 6. A student knows that an older brother or sister is cheating on tests. How should the student act? 7. A student sees an opportunity to take something they have really wanted, without being caught. How should that student act?

24. Time to make up you own situations Create 5 new situations Ask your classmates how they would react in each situation Write down their responses in complete sentences Determine which philosophy each would fall under BE PREPARED TO SHARE!!!

25. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT: – Ask a member of your family how and why they would respond if facing the situations you created in class. Write down your responses in complete sentences. Thank your family for their help. Privately, try to determine if their response and their reason for that response would best fit the expected behavior of a Taoist, a Confucianist, or a Legalist.