1. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2012)

2. Karen Horney Feminist neo-analytic theory Rejection of Freudian notion of penis envy Envy of masculine freedoms and privileges Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Karen Horney Basic anxiety—a child’s fear of being alone, helpless, and insecure Styles of coping with basic anxiety ◦ Passive (complying) ◦ Aggressive (fighting) ◦ Withdrawn (disengaging) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Karen Horney Different aspects of the self ◦ Real self  The inner core of personality ◦ Despised self  Feelings of inferiority and shortcomings ◦ Ideal self  One’s view of perfection  “Tyranny of the should” Goal of psychoanalysis is acceptance of the Real Self Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Karen Horney When alienated from the Real Self, people develop neurotic coping strategies ◦ Moving toward  Striving to make others happy and gain love ◦ Moving against  Striving for power and recognition ◦ Moving away  Withdrawal of emotional investment Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. Erik Erikson Neoanalytic stage theory Continues throughout life Unlike Freudian psychoanalytic theory, not focused on libido and sexual gratification Structured as a series of “ego crises” to be resolved ◦ Outcome of successful resolution of each stage is an “ego skill” mastered Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

7. Erik Erikson Erikson’s Stage Theory (early stages) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

8. Erik Erikson Erikson’s Stage Theory (later stages) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

9. Timeline: Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. Timeline: Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

11. Timeline: Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

12. Timeline: Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

13. Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Analogy ◦ Humans are conscious actors and strivers Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

14. Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Advantages ◦ Importance of the goal-oriented nature of humans ◦ Acknowledges impact of society and culture ◦ Development continues throughout the life cycle ◦ Emphasizes the self as it struggles to cope with emotions on the inside and the demands of the world on the outside Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

15. Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Limits ◦ Unconcerned with biology and fixed personality structures ◦ A hodgepodge of different ideas from different traditions ◦ Relies on abstract or vague concepts Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

16. Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach View of free will ◦ Though personality is largely determined by unconscious forces, individuals do have the ability to overcome these Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

17. Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Common assessment techniques ◦ Varies from free association to situational and autobiographical study, with an emphasis on self-concept Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

18. Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Implications for therapy ◦ As with psychoanalytic therapy, insight into inner motives is key ◦ But because the ego is central, there is less concern with unconscious motivation Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.